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Go Back       Himalayan Journal of Economics and Business Management | Volume 3 Issue 3 | May 30, 2022
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DOI : 10.47310/Hjebm.2022.v03i03.007       Download PDF       HTML       XML

Abolishing Tribalism: A Consideration for Nigeria


Mahmood Omeiza Adeiza

Department of Accounting, Faculty of Management Sciences Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria


*Corresponding Author

Mahmood Omeiza Adeiza


Article History

Received: 10.05.2022

Accepted: 20.05.2022

Published: 30.05.2022


Abstract: Considering the nature of tribal sentiments across Nigeria, this paper was designed to examine World Bank’s population estimates and projections for the years 2021 and 2050 in relation to Nigeria’s present ethno-linguistic problems. The examination, conducted by way of exploration using basic statistical techniques reveal a collection of consequences which if left unchecked may worsen insecurity challenges across Nigeria. The facts provide a basis to conclude that by the year 2050; 240,435,227 vulnerable Nigerians – of 29 years old or younger - must be saved from the effects of inadequate resources to provide their basic and essential needs. At least, governments at all levels must come together to ensure that this set of Nigerians are detrabilized from birth by way of a national policy permitting only inter-tribal marriages for the next 30 years.


Keywords: Tribalism, Nigeria, Governments, National Policy, Inter-tribal.



INTRODUCTION

Tribalism is coined from the word ‘tribes’, which refers to ethnic, linguistic or national groups that provide great cultural diversity to a people (Oyedeji, 2017). In Nigeria, tribalism is perceived as a social phenomenon associated with the identity of members of competing communal groups seeking to protect and advance their interest in a political system (Adeyanju, 2014). While some see tribalism as natural (Clark, Liu, Winegard, & Ditto, 2019), or as a pragmatic instrument for national unity (Azikiwe, 1964), others see it as an obstacle to national unity (Bascom W. R., 1962). In any case, the assertion that tribalism in Nigeria is so fierce not because the tribes dislike each other but because of the aggressive competition for scarce resources (Schwarz, 1966) makes it safe to say that tribalism is overrated in Nigeria and the main feeder for the ugly ethnic intolerance now being witnessed.


Consequently, Nigeria seemingly heads for more ethnic crises as a result of growing tribal agitations for resource control and power rotation, spelling the need for all levels of government to honestly consider abolishing tribalism. With Nigeria’s population estimated at over 400 million by the end of December 2050 from a bit over half of this figure in December of 2021, there are some parameters to consider. These parameters as sourced from the World Bank’s data bank for population estimates and projections (see table hereafter) and are pointers to the consequences Nigeria may face unless tribalism is abolished now.


Table 1: Comparable Population Parameters for Nigeria

Category

2050

2021

% pop.

Figures

% pop.

Figures

Total

100.00

401,315,000

100.00

211,400,000

Rural

30.08

120,704,000

47.25

99,895,000

Urban

69.92

280,611,000

52.75

111,505,000

Working Class

64.80

260,052,120

85.40

180,535,600


An examination of the table above, which represents a 29-year period starting December 2021 and ending December 2050, using simple statistical techniques such as ratios and percentages help decipher the facts that: within 29 years, Nigeria’s population is expected to increase by 89.84%; though almost doubling the national population, with an increase of over 20 million to the nations rural population, the ratio of 47 rural dwellers to 53 urban dwellers as at 2021 would have dropped to 30 rural dwellers for every 70 urban dwellers by the year 2050; and as a result of this rural to urban drift, the urban population is expected to increase by more than 151.66% due to a double impact of population growth and the rural to urban drift.


In addition, the working class (which in Nigeria is usually within the ages of 18 to 65 years) is expected to shrink from 85.4% of the population in 2021 to 64.8% of the population by 2050 even though, the estimated population of the working class in figures should have increased by over 44% when comparing 2021 actual figures to 2050 projected figures. These are uneasy consequences capable to plunging Nigeria into more dangerous trends considering that: in the wake of a serious population explosion in Nigeria, characterized by rural to urban drift and a shrinking working class, there is much likelihood for Nigeria to witness less production of basic or essential resources just as industries and government workforce are expected to experience shrinkages.


Table 2: Projected Mortality Rate per 1,000 population from 2022 to 2050

Year

Population

D/1,000


Year

Population

D/1,000


Year

Population

D/1,000

2021

211,400,000

 

 

2031

190,318,539

9.79

 

2041

173,573,467

8.741

2022

209,034,857

11.188

 

2032

188,480,443

9.658

 

2042

172,070,668

8.658

2023

206,736,728

10.994

 

2033

186,685,167

9.525

 

2043

170,595,162

8.575

2024

204,497,149

10.833

 

2034

184,926,966

9.418

 

2044

169,142,715

8.514

2025

202,314,755

10.672

 

2035

183,205,111

9.311

 

2045

167,712,952

8.453

2026

200,188,427

10.51

 

2036

181,518,891

9.204

 

2046

166,305,337

8.393

2027

198,116,677

10.349

 

2037

179,867,613

9.097

 

2047

164,919,681

8.332

2028

196,098,264

10.188

 

2038

178,250,604

8.99

 

2048

163,555,630

8.271

2029

194,126,496

10.055

 

2039

176,662,926

8.907

 

2049

162,209,077

8.233

2030

192,200,179

9.923

 

2040

175,104,052

8.824

 

2050

160,879,773

8.195


Another consideration is that with a projected average mortality rate of 0.94% in Nigeria from 2022 to 2050 based on figures from macrotrends.net website, the number of persons expected to be alive by December 2050 out of the December 2021 total population figure is estimated to be 160,879,773. This suggests that out of the projected 401,315,000 total population figure for December 2050, an estimated 240,435,227 of them shall be 29 years of age or younger - a vulnerable age bracket requiring food, security, shelter, education and health services. Governments at all levels in Nigeria should realize that even without adequate resources to provide the needs for this army of young persons, a minimum requirement would be to ensure they are (at least) detrabilized Nigerians. This can certainly ensure the avoidance of a repeat mismanagement of the nation’s population growth which is presently connected to the insurgency witnessed in northern Nigeria and separatist agitations in the southern Nigeria.


It is hereby suggested that a 30-year national policy permitting only inter-tribal marriages could stem the increase in population of tribalistic Nigerians. By implication, every Nigerian intending marriage has to do so with a spouse from another tribe given the number of tribes in hundreds. Conversely, any persons who feel they can not marry outside their tribes are to be considered as the very persons who must not be allowed to birth another generation of tribalistic Nigerians.


References

  1. Adeyanju, C. G. (2014). Politics of Ethnicity in Nigeria: The Way Forward. Foresight for Development Publication. Retrieved from Politics of Ethnicity in Nigeria: The Way Forward: https://www.foresightfordevelopment.org/featured/ethnicity-tribalism

  2. Azikiwe, N. (1964, May 15). Tribalism: A Pragmatic Instrument for National Unity. Tribalism: A Pragmatic Instrument for National Unity. (N. University of Nigeria, Compiler) Nsukka, Enugu, Nigeria: Nigerian Political Science Association. Retrieved February 26, 2022, from https://www.blackpast.org/global-african-history/1964-nnamdi-azikiwe-tribalism-pragmatic-instrument-national-unity/

  3. Bascom, W. R. (1962, July 1). Tribalism, Nationalism and Pan-Africanism. Tha ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 342(1), 21-29. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/000271626234200104

  4. Clark, C. J., Liu, B. S., Winegard, B. M., & Ditto, P. H. (2019, August 20). Tribalism Is Human Nature. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 28(6), 587-592. doi:10.1177/0963721419862289

  5. Macrotrends. (n.d.). Nigeria Death Rate 2022-2050. Retrieved February 24, 2022, from macrotrends.net: https://www.macrotrends.net/countries/NGA/nigeria/death-rate

  6. Oyedeji, B. (2017). Managing Tribalism within Nigeria’s Democratic Challenges. Modern Applied Science, 11(11), 49-59. doi:10.5539/mas.v11n11p49

  7. Schwarz, W. (1966, November). Tribalism and Politics in Nigeria. The World Today, 22(11), 460-467. Retrieved February 26, 2022, from https://www.jstor.org/stable/40393799

  8. World Bank. (n.d.). World Bank: IBRD - IDA. (World Bank Group) Retrieved February 26, 2022, from Population Estimates and Projections: https://databank.worldbank.org/source/population-estimates-and-projections#

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