The formulation of drugs in a positive way is a basic and modern necessity. The dosage form is a drug delivery system, used for the use of the drug in a healthy body. Different types of dosage forms are available such as pills, syrups, suspensions, suppositories, injections, transdermals and episodes with different types of drug delivery methods. These old/modern dosage forms have some advantages and disadvantages. Therefore, the development of an appropriate drug delivery system is a major challenge for the pharmacist in the present situation. To get the desired result, the drug should be brought to its place of operation at such a price and concentration to achieve a greater therapeutic effect and a lesser side effect. In order to develop a suitable dosage form an in-depth study of the physicochemical principles governing a particular drug formulation should be performed [1].

Oral routes of drug administration have a wide acceptance of up to 50-60% of the total dose forms. Solid dosage forms are known for their ease of use, accurate dosage, self-medication, pain relief and most importantly patient compliance. Solid dosage forms are very popular in pills and pills; Another important aspect of these dosing regimens for some patients is difficulty swallowing. Drinking water plays an important role in swallowing oral forms. Often people have difficulty swallowing standard dosage forms such as tablet when there is no water, in case of motion sickness (kinetosis) and episodes of sudden cough during the common cold, allergic reactions and bronchitis. For this reason, pills can be quickly dispersed or dispersed in the mouth attracting much attention [2].

Swallowing problem is common in an older patient due to fear of choking, hand tremors, dysphasia and adolescents due to poor muscular and skeletal system development and in patients with schizophrenic disorders leading to poor hearing. About one-third of people (especially infants and children) have difficulty swallowing, leading to poor adherence to oral tablet medications leading to reduced overall efficacy. For this reason, pills can quickly. scattering or scattering in the oral cavity has attracted great attention [3].

The United States Food and Drug Administration (USFDA) has described the Rapidly Depleted Tablet (FDT) as "a solid dose form containing a drug substance or active ingredient that dissolves rapidly within a matter of seconds when placed on the tongue" [3].

Fast-dispensing drug delivery systems began to be developed in the late 1970s as an alternative to standard dosage The United States Food and Drug Administration (USFDA) described the tablet rapidly dispensing tablet (FDT) as "a solid form containing a drug or active ingredient that disperses quickly. Usually within a matter of seconds. when placed on the tongue "[3].

Soluble drug delivery methods began to be developed in the late 1970's as another form of standard dosage forms for pediatric and adult patients. These pills are designed to dissolve or disperse rapidly into the saliva usually in less than 60 seconds [4,5]. To meet these medical needs, pharmacologists have developed a novel oral form known as oral disintegrating (dispersible) (ODTS) or Fast disintegrating (dissolving) (FDTs) or oral contraceptive pills (MMTs) or oral contraceptives (MDTs). The tablets are released rapidly and dispersed rapidly in the saliva, usually after a few minutes, without the need to take water.

Recent market research shows that more than half of patients prefer FDTS over other doses. Oral contraceptives are made mainly of two techniques. initial use of super disintegrants such as Croscarmellose sodium, starch sodium glycolate and crospovidone. Another method is to increase the formation of pores by freezing and drying with a vacuum [5]. In all cases, direct pressure is preferred due to the lack of power, fast process and cost-effectiveness [1].

The bioavailability of some drugs may be enhanced by the absorption of drugs into the oral cavity and by the absorption of pre-gastric saliva containing dispersed drugs that pass into the stomach. In addition (Figure 1), the amount of drug below the initial metabolism decreases compared to conventional pills [5].

Figure 1: Conceptual Diagram of FDTs

The Need for Pills is Quickly Eliminated

Patient Characteristics [3]: Immediate dosage forms are suitable for those patients (especially children and elderly patients) who can swallow traditional pills and pills with an 8-oz glass of water. These include the following:

• Patients with difficulty swallowing or chewing solid dose forms

• Patients obey the law for fear of being strangled

• Older patients with depression who may not be able to swallow solid dosage forms

An eight-year-old patient with allergies prefers a simpler dosage form than antihistamine syrup:

• A middle-aged patient treated for radiation cancer may be too nauseous to swallow his H2-blocker

• A schizophrenic patient may try to hide a normal tablet under his or her tongue to avoid his or her daily dose of atypical antipsychotic

• A patient with persistent nausea, who may be traveling, or may have little or no water

Elements of Efficiency [5-10]

Increased bioavailability and rapid onset of action are the major causes of this formation. Dispersal of saliva in the oral cavity causes pre-existing absorption from other ions formed in those cases where the drug dissolves rapidly. Buccal, pharyngeal and gastric regions are all areas of high drug absorption. Any pre-gastric absorption avoids early metabolism and can be of great benefit to drugs undergoing hepatic metabolism. In addition, safety profiles may be enhanced by drugs that produce significant amounts of toxic metabolites that mediate first pass metabolism of the laiver and gastric metabolism, as well as drugs that play a major role in absorption of the oral cavity and frontal organs of the GIT.

Manufacturing and Marketing Materials [11]

 As a drug approaches its patent, it is not uncommon for drug manufacturers to develop a drug company that offers a new and improved dose. The new volume form allows the manufacturer to increase market diversity, differentiate unique products and increase copyright protection. Examples, Eisai Inc. introduced Aricept FDT, a donepezil line for Alzheimer's disease, Japan in 2004 and the U.S. in 2005 in response to a general challenge posed to the U.S. by Ranbaxy.

Benefits of Fast-Acting Pills [6,7]:

No need for water to swallow the tablet:

• FDTS can be easily given to pediatric patients, the elderly and the mentally handicapped

• Accurate volume compared to liquid

• Completion and absorption of the drug is rapid, which provides immediate onset of action

• The bioavailability of the drug increases 10 as some drugs are absorbed through the mouth, throat and saliva down the stomach

• It is more profitable than liquid medicines in terms of administration and transportation

• First pass metabolism is reduced, thereby providing improved bioavailability and thus reducing dose and side effects

• provide improved security

• Suitable for continuous/controlled release. Allows high drug load

Limitations of FDTs [4,5]

The main disadvantages of FDT are related to the mechanical strength of the pills:

• FDT is a highly flexible and softly formed or compressed mattress on a tablet with low pressure, making the tablet move and brittle which is difficult to handle

• Negative drugs are as difficult to make as FDT; Special care should be taken before making such a type of drug

• Several hygroscopic FDTs are unable to maintain physical integrity under normal conditions from moisture requiring a special package

• Oral dryness due to reduced saliva production may not be a good alternative to these pills

The rate of absorption in saliva solution and total bioavailability:

• Drug resistance and dosage

• Significant features of fast dispersed pills or rapidly dissolving drug delivery [3,4,11]

• Easy handling for a patient who is unable to swallow, such as the elderly, those suffering from a stroke, bedridden patients, a patient suffering from kidney failure and a patient who does not want to swallow like pediatric, elderly and psychiatric patients

• There is no need for water to swallow the dosage form, which is very useful for traveling patients who do not have immediate access to water

• Immediate elimination and absorption of the drug, which will signal the immediate onset of action

• Some medicines are absorbed into the mouth, pharynx and esophagus as saliva flows down the stomach. In such cases, the bioavailability of the drug increases

• Premature suction can result in improved bioavailability and effect of weight loss

• Improve clinical performance by reducing unwanted side effects

• A good mouth feeling good helps to change the perception of medicine as a bitter pill especially in a pediatric patient

• The risk of choking or suffocation during oral administration of normal form due to physical obstruction is avoided, thus providing improved safety

• New business opportunities such as product classification, product promotion, patent extensions and life cycle management

• It is useful in situations such as motion sickness, sudden episodes of allergies or coughing, where immediate action is needed

• Increased bioavailability, especially in the case of soluble and hydrophobic drugs, due to the rapid dispersion and elimination of these drugs. Long-term stability, as the drug remains in a stable state until used. Therefore, it combines the benefits of a solid volume form in terms of stability and a liquid volume form in terms of bioavailability

• Adaptable and attractive to existing processing and packaging machines

• Allow high drug loading, Expensive

Challenges to Developing FDTs [3,10]

Palatability: Since many drugs are unpalatable, FDTs usually contain the drug in a way that hides the taste. FDTS after treatment, dissolves or dissolves in the patient's oral cavity, thus releasing active ingredients that interact with taste buds. Therefore, concealing the taste of the drug becomes essential for patient compliance [3,11].

Machine Strength and Time Dispersion

To allow the FDTS to disperse into the oral cavity, they are made of a very perforated and softly formed matrix or compressed into very low-strength tablets, making the tablets move and/or brittle, difficult to handle and often. requiring special packaging of bubbles that may add to the cost [3,11]. Only the wow tab and durasolv technology can produce tablets that are strong enough and strong enough to allow them to be packaged in bulk bottles [3].

Hygroscopicity

Several forms of oral dispersion are hygroscopic and cannot maintain physical integrity under normal temperature and humidity conditions [3,11] Therefore, they require protection from moisture that requires special product packaging [3].

Amount of Drug

The use of FDT technology is limited to the amount of drug that can be included in each unit volume. In lyophilized dose forms, the dose of the drug should be less than 400 mg of soluble drugs and 60 mg of soluble drugs [3,11] this parameter is especially challenging when forming rapidly dissolving or dead film films [3].

Aqueous Solubility

Water-soluble drugs have a variety of structural challenges because they form eutectic compounds, which lead to compression of the freezing point and the formation of solid glass which may fall off when dried due to loss of supporting structure during the sublimation process [3,5,11]. crumble. can sometimes be prevented by using matrix-assisting substances such as mannitol that can create crystals and, as a result, provide strength to the amorphous compound [3].

 Size of Tablet

The ease of use of the tablet depends on its size. It has been reported that the lightest swallow tablet is 7-8 mm while the easy-to-handle size was larger than 8 mm. Therefore, the size of the tablet that is easy to carry and easy to carry is difficult to achieve [3,5].

Table 1: Superdisintegrants

Mouth Feel

FDTS should not disperse into large particles in the oral cavity. The particles produced after the FDT dispersion should be as small as possible. In addition the addition of flavors and cooling agents such as menthol improves oral sensation [5].

Sensitivity to Environmental Conditions

FDTS should exhibit low sensitivity to environmental conditions such as humidity and temperature as most of the materials used in FDTS are designed to dissolve in small amounts of water [5].

Excipient Terms used in the Manufacture of FDTS [5, 10-13]:

• Their individual properties should not affect FDTS

• It should be able to disperse quickly

• There should be no drug interactions with other helpful substances

• When choosing a bond (single or combination combination) care must be taken to maintain the integrity and stability of the product

• The melting point of the auxiliary materials used should be between 30-35°C

• It should not interfere with the efficiency and organoleptic properties of the product. solid

• The bond may be liquid, slightly solid, or naturally polymeric

Excipients used in FDT Preparation [5,13-20]

The auxiliary substances used in FDTS contain at least one super disintegrant, diluent, lubricant and anti-inflammatory agent, respiratory agent, sugars and flavor agents (Table 1).

As the day progresses, the need for a rapidly dispersing structure grows. Therefore, the chemist needs to make disintegrants i.e. super disintegrants that work well in low concentrations and are very effective in dispersing and work very well in intragranular. These very large disintegrants act with inflammation and due to inflammation. pressure exerted on the outer side or radial direction, causing the tablet to explode or rapid absorption of water leading to a significant increase in the volume of the granules in order to improve the separation.

Factors to Consider in the Selection of Super Disintegrants

Disintegration: The disintegrant should immediately apply saliva to the tablet to produce an increase in volume and hydrostatic pressure needed to provide rapid dispersion in the mouth.

Compactibility

It is desirable to have an FDT with acceptable hardness and low flexibility given the pressure supplied to produce strong tablets that avoid the need to use special packaging while increasing the production speed.

Mouthfeel

Larger particles can lead to a gritty feeling in the mouth.

Thus, smaller particles are selected. When the tablet makes a jelly-like consistency when in contact with water, however, it produces a gummy texture that many consumers find unpleasant.

Flow

In normal tablet formations, super disintegrants are used in 2-5 wt% of tablet formation. With the formation of FDT, the disintegrant level can be very high [16] (Table 2).

Bulking Materials 

Blending materials are essential for the development of fast-acting pills. They offer diluent, filler and cost-cutting services. Bulking agents improve the texture of the pills to improve lip separation, without adding volume and reducing the concentration of performance in the construction. Bulking agents of this dosage form should be based on high sugars such as mannitol, polydextrose, lactose derivatives such as Direct Compressible Lactose (DCL) and starch hydrolyzate for high water solubility and good visual acuity. Mannitol in particular has a high aqueous solubility and good sensory perception, as it provides a cooling effect due to its poor temperature of the solution. Collecting agents are added to 10% to about 90% by weight of final formation.

The diminished system of brittleness of excipients is calculated as.

Emulsifying Agents

Emulsifying agents are important in making tablets dispersed faster as they help in faster dispersal and removal of drugs without the need for chewing, swallowing or drinking water. Also, emulsifying agents stabilize non-mixing compounds and increase the availability of bioavailability. A variety of emulsifying agents for rapidly dissolving tablet compounds include alkyl.

Lubricants 

Although they are not essential supplements, these can help to make the pills taste better after decay in the mouth. Cosmetics reduce dizziness and aid in the process of transporting the drug from the mouth to the stomach.

Flavors (Masking Masking Agents) and Sweeteners

Flavors and masks make the products more palatable and pleasing to patients. The inclusion of these ingredients helps to overcome the bitterness and unwanted love of the active ingredient. Natural and artificial flavors can be used to enhance the organoleptic aspect of rapidly dispersing pills. A variety of sweeteners including sugar, dextrose and fructose, as well as unhealthy sweeteners such as aspartame, sodium saccharin, sugar alcohols and sucralose are available. The addition of sweeteners gives it a delicious flavor and texture in the composition.

Techniques for Preparing fast Dissolving Tablets

Conventional Technologies

Various Conventional Manufacturing Techniques for FDDDS 

Freeze-Drying or Lyophilization [2]: It is a medical procedure that allows drying of heat-sensitive and biological drugs at low temperatures by adding a vacuum to remove water by sublimation.
 

Table 2: List of Superdisintegrants

The drugs are dispersed or dispersed in an aqueous solution of the carrier, transferred to pre-packaged bubbles and placed under a nitrogen flush to freeze and then refrigerated to complete the process. Symptoms of lyophilization techniques are these, which have a high specificity and location and dissolve rapidly in the mouth introducing high bioavailability to the drug. The biggest downside to this system is the high cost, time-consuming and fragile process, making conventional packaging unsuitable for packing this form of capacity and stability problems under stressful conditions.

Benefits

The great advantage of using this process is that the pills produced by this technology have a very short dispersion and have a large mouth due to the rapid melting effect.

Moulding Method 

Tablets are designed using hydrophilic ingredients, for the purpose of achieving high drug resistance. The bulk of the powder is moistened with a hydroalcoholic solvent and then pressed in the form of a volume. The solvent the system is then allowed to evaporate. The flavor of the drug particles is enhanced by spraying with a concentrated mixture of hydrogenated cottonseed oil, sodium carbonate, lecithin, a polyethene glycol containing an active ingredient in a lactose-based tablet triturate. Symbol markers are very small holes as the solvents are removed by drying leaving a number of holes that promote rapid elimination.

Melt Granulation 

The granular melting process is a process in which chemical powders are finely mixed with soluble compounds. The advantage of this process compared to normal granulation is that no water or organic solvents are needed. Since there is no stopping action, the process is time consuming and requires less energy than wet granulation. It is a useful way to improve the solubility of soluble drugs, such as griseofulvin.

Mass-Extrusion

In this case the mixed ingredients soften the water-soluble ingredient i.e. polyethene glycol, using methanol as a solvent, passing through the extruder to form smaller cylinders. Further cut with a hot razor to make small tablets. Symptoms of this method are that these products can be used to hide the bitter taste drugs that make the granules smaller and thus improve the availability of oral bioavailability.

Figure 2:  Schematic Diagram of Sublimation Techniques for Preparing Fast Dissolving Tablets

Sublimation

Rapid disintegration and dispersion are achieved by the formation of pores by combining fast-acting solid ingredients such as urea, camphor ammonium carbonate, ammonium bicarbonate and hexamethylene-tetramine. They are mixed with other ingredients and pressed. Flexible materials are converted to reduced pressure and the use of low temperatures leaves the weight of the pore state. Symptoms of the sublimation method are, they are naturally porous, solvents such as cyclohexane and benzene can be used (Figure 2).

Direct Compression 

Disintegrant supplement technology (direct compression) is the most preferred method for making pills due to certain benefits:

• Higher doses can be applied and the final weight of the tablet may exceed the alternatives

• An easy way to make pills

• Uses of common tools and resources are available

• Limited number

• Processing steps are involved

• Cost effectiveness

Tablet size and hardness greatly affect disintegrant efficiency. Strong and large tablets have a longer dispersion time than usual. The tablets are very soft and small with low mechanical strength.

Figure 3: Proceses of Direct Compession

Table 3:  Ideal Requirment, Advantages and Limitations of Direct Compression 

Therefore, the best type and disintegrant focus should be selected in order to achieve rapid dispersion and high dissolution rates. In addition to the critical concentration level, however, the dispersion period remains relatively constant or elevated (Figure 3 and Table 3).

This process is so called because it uses a unique spinning mechanism to produce a crystal-clear structure that mimics cotton candy. The cotton candy process involves the formation of a Matrix of polysaccharides or saccharides by the simultaneous action of flash melting and spinning. The built-in matrix is ​​partially reassembled to have improved flow and compression structures. This candy floss matrix is ​​then ground and mixed with active ingredients and auxiliary ingredients and pressed into FDTs.

However, some polysaccharides such as poly maltodextrins and polydextrose can be converted into fibers at a temperature of 30-40% lower than sucrose. This modification allows for filtering inclusion of thermolabile drugs in the formulation. The pills produced by this process are very natural in nature and provide a very pleasant mouth to feel due to the rapid solidification of sugar in the presence of saliva.

Spray-Drying

In this way, ingredients are combined with hydrolyzed and non-hydrolyzed gelatin as supporting agents, mannitol as a bulking agent, sodium glycolate starch or crosscarmellose sodium as a dispersing agent and acid (e.g. citric acid) and or alkali (e.g. sodium bicarbonate) to promote separation. and dissolution. Symptoms of the spray stop method are that this method provides immediate termination (within 20 seconds) when the volume form meets the liquid surface.

Phase Transformation Process [21-25]

These processes are phased dispersal processes. conversion of sugary alcohol using erythritol (melting point 122°C), xylitol (93-95°C), trehalose (97°C) and mannitol (166°C). Tablets are manufactured by pressing powder containing two alcoholic sugars with high and low melting points and subsequent heating at temperatures between their melting points. Prior to the heating process, the tablets did not have sufficient hardness due to the low consistency.

The stiffness of the tablet is increased after heating, due to the increase in the bonding particles or the binding surface of the tablets caused by the reversal of the low-melting point of the alcohol sugar.

Nanoionization

The newly developed nanomelt technology involves reducing the size of wood particles to nano size by grinding wood using a patented liquid digestion method. The nanocrystals of the drug stabilize against agglomeration by surface adsorption in selected stabilizers, which are then incorporated into MDT. This process is especially beneficial for water-soluble drugs. Other advantages of this technology include the rapid dispersion/dissolution of nanoparticles leading to increased absorption and hence the high availability of bioavailability and reduced volume, less expensive production process, standard packaging due to special durability and wide range of doses (up to 200 mg per unit.) (Figure 4).

Oral Disintegrating or fast Dissolving thin Films [26] 

It is a new frontier for the fast-release tablet that provides much easier ways to take medication and additional ingredients. In this process, a water-soluble solution is prepared consisting of a water-soluble film. forming a polymer (pullulan, carboxymethylcellulose, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, hydroxyl ethyl cellulose, hydroxyl propyl cellulose, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, polyvinyl alcohol or sodium alginate, etc.), etc. drugs and other ingredients to hide the taste, which are allowed to form a film after the solvent of solvent. In the case of a bitter drug, resin adsorbate or synthetic microparticles of the drug can be applied to the film. The film, when applied to the mouth, melts or melts quickly, releasing the drug with a solution or suspension form. Features of the program include thin paper films of less than 2×2 inches in size, 5 seconds finish, faster drug delivery and flavorful aftertaste.

Patented Technologies for Fast Dissolving Tablets

The rapid melting factor of FDT is usually caused by the rapid penetration of water into the tablet matrix leading to its rapid decomposition. Several technologies have been developed on the basis of different design features and processes and are patented by a few pharmaceutical companies. Copyrighted technology is described below [27-30].

Zydis Technology

Zydis formulation is a unique ice-free tablet in which a tree is literally trapped or dissolved within a matrix of fast-melting network materials. When zydis units are put in the mouth, the dried frozen structure dissolves immediately and does not need water to help swallow. The zydis matrix is ​​composed of many elements designed to achieve various goals. To provide strength and durability during handling, polymers such as gelatin, dextran or alginates are included. These form a glossy amorphous structure, which provides energy.

Limitations

The amount of drug that can be combined should be less than 400 mg of soluble drugs and less than 60 mg of soluble drugs. during processing.

Benefits:

• Buccal pharyngeal and gastric regions are all areas of absorption in this formation. Any pre-gastric absorption avoids first pass metabolism and can be beneficial to drugs that deal with hepatic metabolism

Figure 4: Flow Chart for Coating Liquid and Solid Particles using Spray-Drying Process 

• Zydis formulation protects itself because the water filling at the end of the frozen product is too low to allow for bacterial growth

• Patients who have difficulty swallowing oral medication due to dysphagia, stroke or medical conditions such as gastroesophageal reflux disease, multiple sclerosis or Parkinson's disease

Disadvantages:

• The ice drying process is an expensive production process

• The construction is very simple and delicate, so it should not be stored in bags or under bags

• Not very stable at high temperatures and humidity

• Water-soluble drug can only be infused up to 400 mg per tablet or less. On the other hand water, soluble drug can only be infused up to 60 mg

Orasolv Technology

Orasolv technology is built on CIMA labs. In this process, the active drug is covered by taste. It also contains an effervescent disintegrating agent. Tablets are made in the form of direct pressure with low pressure to reduce the time of oral exposure. Common compounds and tablet formulas are used to produce tablets. The manufactured tablets are soft and fragile and are packaged in a specially selected and environmentally designed system.

Benefits

The taste-masking is doubled, a quick finish. This technology has been used for drug strength in the range of 1 mg to 750 mg. Depending on the design and size of the tablet, the disperse time of the tablet can be set to 10 to 40 seconds.

Disadvantages

They are sensitive to moisture due to the presence of an effervescent system and must be packed properly. Machine power is low.

Durasolv Technology

Durasolv is a patented technology for CIMA labs. Pills made by this technology contain medicine, supplements and ointments. The tablets are manufactured using standard tablet tools and have good durability. These can be packed in a standard packaging system such as bubbles. Durasolv is a suitable product for products that require low amounts of active ingredients.

Benefits

DuraSolv technology is good for low-dose tablets (125 mcg to 500 mg) of active ingredients and tablets are suppressed with a maximum hardness of 15-100 N, resulting in long-lasting ODT. As a result, this technology allows packing flexibility; blister pills. can be bottled again.

Disadvantages 

The technology is not compatible with large doses of active ingredients because the composition is subject to high pressure during mixing. The powder coating of Durasolv drug may be broken during contact, exposing the drug to a subtle bitter taste of the patient's taste.

Wow Tab Technology 

 the tab technology is approved by Yamanouchi Pharmaceutical Co. WOW means "Without Water". In this process, a combination of low-density saccharides and high-density saccharides are used to obtain a solid tablet that dissolves rapidly. The combination of high and low density is used to produce tablets of sufficient strength.

Benefits

Adequate level of completion and complexity. Oops, the tab product can be packaged in both standard bottle and bubble bags.

Disadvantages 

There are no significant changes in bioavailability.

Flash Dose Technology [31-35]

Flash dosage technology has been patented by Fuisz. Nurofen melt let, a new type of Ibuprofen such as oral soluble tablets, prepared using flash dosage technology is the first commercial product introduced by Biovail Corporation. Flash volume pills contain a binding shear form called floss. Shearform matrics are adjusted by processing the flash temperature.

Benefits

High melting point.

Disadvantages

• The high temperature required to dissolve the matrix can limit the use of heat-sensitive, moisture-resistant and moisture-resistant drugs

• Dosage form can only carry 600 mg of the drug

• The tablets produced are very attractive, soft and moisture resistant. Therefore special packaging is required

Flashtab Technology

Flashtab technology is also one of the fastest/most fragile tablet formats. Prographarm laboratories are patented by flashtab technology. It uses the same auxiliary substances as in the usual suppressed pills. The dispersing agent and the inflammatory agent are used in conjunction with the drug particles covered in this formulation to produce a tablet dispersed in the mouth in less than one minute.

Oraquick Technology

K. V. S. Pharmaceuticals has a patent on this technology. It uses a microsphere flavor secretion technology called micromask, which provides a higher lip flavor than other flavor enhancers, vital mechanical strength and rapid dispersion/product dissolution. Any kind solvents are not used in the process of concealing flavor. It therefore leads to higher and faster production.

Benefits

Fast and efficient production, suitable for heat-resistant drugs.

Dispersible Tablet Technology  [36-40]

The Yugoslav Lek Lek was granted patents on the dispersed tablets dihydroergotoxine and cimetidine, which are said to dissolve in less than 1 minute when in contact with room temperature. Dihydroergotoxine is not soluble in water on a free basis. Improved dehydration rate of dihydroergotoxine methanesulphonate was detected by dispersing tablets containing 0.8-10%, preferably about 4% by weight, of organic acids. One of the most important aids in cimetidine is the ion-releasing agent. It provides rapid inflammation and/or the ability to moisturize well in tablets and thus disintegrates quickly. Dispersing agents include starch or modified starch, microcrystalline cellulose, alginic acid, cross-linked sodium carboxymethylcellulose and cyclodextrin polymers. A combination of two or more dividing agents produces better dispersion results.

Advatab Technology

Advatab tablets are dispersed rapidly in the mouth, usually in less than 30 seconds, to allow the administration of oral drugs without water. These pills are especially suitable for those patients who are having difficulty swallowing pills and pills. Advatab differs from other FDT technologies in that it can be integrated with Eurand's available particle technology such as its world-class Microcaps® disinfection technology and Diffucaps®, a controlled release technology.

Nanocrystal Technology

With fast-dispersible tablets, elan nanocrystal patented technology can allow for the design and development of a combination of performance and final product features. Reducing particle size increases surface area, leading to increased dissolution rate. This can be done predictably and effectively using nanocrystal technology. Nanocrystal particles are small particles of a substance, usually less than 1000 nanometers (nm) in diameter, which are produced by the digestion of a drug using a patented liquid digestion method.

Nanocrystal Fast Provides for Dissolving Technology

• Pharmacokinetic benefits of orally administered nanoparticles (<2 microns) in the form of a rapidly dispersing tablet matrix

• Product classification based on a combination of protected technologies with respect to copyright and patent

• Inexpensive production processes using standard units, operating units

Pharmabust Technology

Pharmaburst technology approved by SPI pharma. The tablet produced by this process consists of a dry mixture of the drug, flavor and lubricant and is then concentrated in tablets and then melted within 30-40 seconds. Pills produced in this way are powerful enough to be packaged in packets of bubbles and bottles.

Frosta Technology

This technology is approved by Akina. Frosta technology uses the basic concept of making plastic granules and compression under low pressure to produce solid powders with high porosity. The process involves mixing (Table 4 and 5A).

The technology can be used for almost any drugs including market place and extension of patent term of innovator. The clinical studies show FDTS can improve patient compliance, provide a rapid onset time of action and increase bioavailability. Considering the many benefits of FDTs, it is only a matter of time until a majority of oral formulations are prepared in FDT forms (Table 5B).

Lyo (Pharmalyoc)

The oil in the watr emulsion is prepared and poured directly into the bubble holes following the drying of the ice. Non-homogeneity during freezing drying is avoided by applying an inert solution to increase viscosity in maintaining sedimentation. The upper part of the filling reduces the porosity of the pills due to the fact that the dispersion is reduced.

Sheaform Technology

The technology is based on the preparation of a floss known as, shear from matrix, which is produced by inserting a feed stock containing a sugar carrier by processing the flash temperature. In this process, the sugar at the same time is below the centrifugal force and the gradient temperature, which raises the weight of the mass to create an internal, flowing atmosphere, allowing its part to move with respect to the mass.

Table 4: Patents on Fast Dissolving Drug Delivery System or FDT’s

Table 5(A): Work Done on Fast Dissolving Drug Delivery System or FDT’s

Table 5(B): Work Done on Fast Dissolving Drug Delivery System or FDT’s

Table 6: Fast Dissolving Tablets Products Available in Indian Market 

Table 7: Fast dissolving tablets products available in international market

The fossil produced thus is naturally amorphous, so it is also cut and re-applied by various techniques.

Marketed Productsof Fast Dissolving Tablets

The commercialised products of FDT which are available in the market are given in Table 6 and 7.

Immediately dissolving pills are newly developed dosage forms and are specially designed to overcome some of the problems that appear in the common form of strong dosage i.e. difficulty swallowing the tablet in young patients and children. Immediately dispersed tablets are designed to melt or dispersed rapidly in saliva usually in less than 60 seconds (5-60 second range). Immediately dispersed pills have better patient compliance and acceptance may improve biopharmaceutical properties, improved bioavailability, comfort and better safety compared to conventional oral dosage forms. The popularity of FDT has grown dramatically over the past decade. FDTS needs to be developed for mentally ill patients, bedridden, pediatric, of those patients who may be dehydrated, patients who are busy walking. The construction of FDTs comprised of some of these convectional and patent technologies as well as FDT with sufficient mechanical strength, rapid dispersion/dispersal in the buccal cavity without water. New technologies used in the construction of FDTs that provide more effective volume forms with additional benefits and fewer disadvantages.

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