The significance of this research lies in the importance of sports medicine, which plays a crucial role in both treating sports-related injuries that may put athletes at risk, and in rehabilitating and preventing such injuries. There was a necessity to find scientific solutions and methods to minimize, treat, and rehabilitate injuries as quickly as possible. This study aimed to develop a rehabilitation program using specialized exercises for the partial tear of the deltoid muscle in volleyball players, and to investigate its impact on treating this injury and returning the injured individual to their pre-injury state in the shortest possible time. The research sample consisted of some athletes from Thi Qar province participating in team sports (volleyball) who had partial tears of the deltoid muscle, totaling four injured individuals. The rehabilitation program lasted for eight weeks, with three rehabilitation sessions per week, totaling 24 rehabilitation sessions using specialized exercises. The exercises included bodyweight exercises, exercises using resistance bands, exercises using weights, and sport-specific exercises. The duration of each training session ranged from 30 to 90 minutes. The researcher utilized appropriate statistical methods to analyze the data obtained from the pre-test and post-test, aiming to discern the differences between the pre-test and post-test results and arrive at the final research conclusions. The researcher concluded that the rehabilitation program had a positive impact on rehabilitating partial tears of the deltoid muscle in volleyball players. The researcher also provided several recommendations, including the utilization of the rehabilitation program prepared by the researcher and its implementation in rehabilitation and physical therapy centers.

Background: Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) is a common non-cancerous condition affecting older men, often leading to urinary symptoms that impact daily life. Despite effective treatments like TURP, public awareness, especially in rural areas like Kangra, remains limited.This study was undertaken to assess public awareness and understanding of BPH and its surgical treatment options among adult males in Kangra. Materials and Methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted from January to March 2025, involving 400 adult males aged 40 years and above residing in Kangra district. Participants were recruited using convenience and purposive sampling through digital platforms. A structured, pre-validated questionnaire—available in Hindi and English—was disseminated online via Google Forms. The tool assessed socio-demographic details, knowledge of BPH symptoms, risk factors, available treatments and perceptions toward surgical interventions. Responses were analyzed using descriptive statistics, with knowledge levels categorized as very good, good, fair, or poor based on the percentage of correct answers. Results: Of the 400 respondents, 55% were male and 45% female, with a wide distribution across age groups and educational backgrounds. While 42% demonstrated good knowledge and 40% showed very good awareness, 14% had only fair knowledge and 4% had poor understanding. High awareness was observed regarding basic BPH symptoms, prostate function and surgical options like TURP. However, gaps persisted in recognizing early asymptomatic stages, lifestyle-related risk factors, recurrence risks and post-surgical complications. Rural participants and those with lower education levels generally showed lower awareness scores. Conclusion: The study highlights a moderately strong awareness of BPH in Kangra, but also reveals specific gaps that require attention. To bridge these knowledge deficits, especially in rural and underserved populations, culturally appropriate educational initiatives must be implemented. These efforts should involve both men and their families and utilize community-based platforms to encourage early detection and informed treatment decisions for improved urological health outcomes.

Background: Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) is a prevalent condition affecting the prostate gland in aging men, leading to significant urinary symptoms that can impact quality of life. Despite its high prevalence, public awareness and understanding of BPH are limited, particularly in rural and semi-urban areas like District Bilaspur in Himachal Pradesh, India. This study aims to assess the awareness and knowledge of BPH among the general public in Bilaspur to inform future public health interventions. Materials and Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional survey was conducted from January to May 2024 in District Bilaspur, Himachal Pradesh. The study population included 400 adults aged 18 and above, residing in the district for at least 12 months. Data were collected using a validated Google Form questionnaire, covering socio-demographic information and knowledge regarding BPH. The data were analyzed using Epi Info V7 software, with results presented in terms of frequencies and percentages. Results: The socio-demographic profile revealed a diverse sample with 31.0% of participants aged 18-30 years and nearly equal gender distribution (50.5% male, 49.5% female). Knowledge of BPH symptoms was relatively high, with 79.5% having heard of BPH and 74.8% identifying frequent urination as a symptom. Awareness of causes was moderate, with 62.0% recognizing aging as a risk factor. Knowledge of complications and treatment options showed significant gaps, with only 46.3% aware that certain medications can affect BPH symptoms and 43.0% knowing about lifestyle management. Conclusion: The study highlights substantial gaps in knowledge regarding the causes, complications, and treatment options for BPH among the general public in Bilaspur. Targeted educational interventions are essential to improve awareness and promote early diagnosis and treatment of BPH. Enhancing public health education can lead to better health outcomes and quality of life for individuals affected by BPH

Background: Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) is a prevalent condition affecting the prostate gland in aging men, leading to significant urinary symptoms that can impact quality of life. Despite its high prevalence, public awareness and understanding of BPH are limited, particularly in rural and semi-urban areas like District Bilaspur in Himachal Pradesh, India. This study aims to assess the awareness and knowledge of BPH among the general public in Bilaspur to inform future public health interventions. Materials and Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional survey was conducted from January to May 2024 in District Bilaspur, Himachal Pradesh. The study population included 400 adults aged 18 and above, residing in the district for at least 12 months. Data were collected using a validated Google Form questionnaire, covering socio-demographic information and knowledge regarding BPH. The data were analyzed using Epi Info V7 software, with results presented in terms of frequencies and percentages. Results: The socio-demographic profile revealed a diverse sample with 31.0% of participants aged 18-30 years and nearly equal gender distribution (50.5% male, 49.5% female). Knowledge of BPH symptoms was relatively high, with 79.5% having heard of BPH and 74.8% identifying frequent urination as a symptom. Awareness of causes was moderate, with 62.0% recognizing aging as a risk factor. Knowledge of complications and treatment options showed significant gaps, with only 46.3% aware that certain medications can affect BPH symptoms and 43.0% knowing about lifestyle management. Conclusion: The study highlights substantial gaps in knowledge regarding the causes, complications, and treatment options for BPH among the general public in Bilaspur. Targeted educational interventions are essential to improve awareness and promote early diagnosis and treatment of BPH. Enhancing public health education can lead to better health outcomes and quality of life for individuals affected by BPH

Background: Proper hydration is essential for maintaining optimal health, cognitive function, and professional efficiency among healthcare professionals. Despite its importance, the specific patterns of drinking water consumption among doctors in demanding work environments, particularly in Indian medical college settings, remain underexplored. This study aims to evaluate the drinking water consumption patterns among doctors at Pt Jawahar Lal Nehru Government Medical College, Chamba, Himachal Pradesh. Material & Methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional survey was conducted from January to May 2024 among 100 doctors at Pt Jawahar Lal Nehru Government Medical College, Chamba. A Google form questionnaire was used to collect data on socio-demographic characteristics and water consumption patterns. The questionnaire was pre-tested for clarity. Data were analyzed using Epi Info V7 Software, focusing on frequencies and percentages. Results: The majority of participants (74%) were under 40 years of age, with a slight male predominance (56%). Marital status showed 45% single, 50% married, and 5% divorced or widowed. Regarding education levels, 35% held an MBBS degree and 65% had completed MD/MS qualifications. Only 20% of doctors met the recommended daily water intake of more than 3 liters, while 45% consumed less than 2 liters daily. Time constraints (40%) and workload pressure (35%) were the primary barriers to adequate hydration. Additionally, 30% of doctors often experienced dehydration symptoms such as headaches and fatigue, which impacted their professional performance. Conclusion: This study highlights significant variations in water consumption patterns among doctors, with many not meeting the recommended hydration levels. Key barriers include time constraints, workload pressure, lack of accessible drinking water sources, and forgetfulness. These findings emphasize the need for targeted interventions to promote better hydration practices, such as providing accessible drinking water stations, scheduling regular hydration breaks, and educating doctors about the importance of maintaining adequate hydration.

Introduction: Hospital-associated infections (HAIs) are infections that patients acquire while receiving treatment for other conditions within a healthcare setting. These infections pose significant challenges in terms of patient safety, financial burden, and antibiotic resistance. Aim: To evaluate the role of audits in preventing and managing HAIs within healthcare settings. Material and Methods: This study uses data from various hospital audits focusing on hand hygiene, sterilization procedures, use of personal protective equipment (PPE), and infection control practices related to central lines, urinary catheters, surgical sites, and ventilators. Methods included systematic reviews of clinical audits, compliance audits, outcome audits, and process audits. Observations and Results: Regular audits combined with infection surveillance identify gaps in infection prevention practices and enhance adherence to safety protocols. Significant reductions in HAIs were observed following the implementation of audit recommendations. Conclusion: Audits are a critical tool in improving healthcare quality and safety by ensuring compliance with infection prevention standards and facilitating continuous improvement.

An assessment of the therapeutic and health benefits of commercialized herbal teas available in various supermarkets, and drugstores, and advertised by entrepreneurs through radios in Iligan City was done. Sixty-five (65) herbal teas were found commercially sold and were found to contain ninety-eight (98) plant species as ingredients prepared individually or in groups. These teas have been claimed to be therapeutic. Camellia sinensis, Rosa rubiginosa, and Jasminum sambac Linn., were the most used plants in herbal teas, and argued to contain micronutrients like polyphenols. These are naturally active substances responsible for biological actions that treat human ailments. Diabetes, heart disease, and mental health were the most frequently listed health problems addressed by the tea products. Leaves were the most widely used plant part in the teas. Flavonoids, phenolic compounds, and alkaloids are the predominant bioactive constituents that were reported in the plants. Assessment of the individual properties of each of the plant species shows specific therapeutic functions, associated with the component bioactive compounds. While commercialized herbal teas sold have no approved therapeutic claims these were very popular with many users due to convincing marketing, especially through social media and radio. It was argued however that more investigations into the bioactive components found not only in each plant utilized as an ingredient but also when mixed to determine interactions of component compounds from each plant species and any potential toxicity or adverse reactions to users. 

Background: Thyroid disorders, including hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, and thyroid nodules, represent significant yet under-recognized public health issues that can lead to severe health complications. This study aims to assess the awareness and knowledge about thyroid disorders among the general public in District Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, to inform future public health strategies and educational initiatives. Material and Methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional survey design was used for this study, conducted between January 2024 and May 2024 in District Shimla, Himachal Pradesh. The study population included 400 adults aged 18 and above, residents of Shimla for at least 12 months. Data was collected through a structured questionnaire distributed via online platforms. The questionnaire covered socio-demographic variables and knowledge about thyroid disorders. Data analysis was performed using Microsoft Excel and Epi Info V7 Software, with results presented in frequencies and percentages.Results: The socio-demographic profile showed 30.5% of participants aged 18-30 years, 24.5% aged 31-40 years, 22.8% aged 41-50 years, and 22.3% over 50 years. Females comprised 55% of the respondents, and 54.8% were married. Hinduism was the predominant religion (85.3%), with 44.5% employed and 35% being graduates. Knowledge regarding thyroid disorders was generally high, with 80.3% aware of thyroid symptoms and 72.5% knowing the risk factors. However, gaps were identified in areas such as the role of thyroid disorders in mental health (55%) and dietary influences (64.8%). Overall, 25.5% demonstrated very good knowledge, 37.3% had good knowledge, 24.8% had fair knowledge, and 12.5% had poor knowledge. Conclusion: While awareness of thyroid disorders in Shimla is commendable, significant knowledge gaps remain, particularly regarding mental health impacts and dietary management. Public health initiatives should address these gaps through targeted educational programs and community-based interventions. Enhancing thyroid health education can improve early detection and management, leading to better health outcomes for Shimla's residents.

The global surge in utilizing capsulated commercial medicinal plants for therapeutic purposes has sparked concerns regarding the safety and efficacy of herbal capsules. Our investigation delved into 23 such capsules sold in the market, employing a robust network analysis to unveil inherent bioactivities. The collection process involved acquiring commercially available herbal capsules, and utilizing Gephi 0.10.1; we established a comprehensive network connecting medicinal plants and therapeutic claims. Within the 23 capsules examined, we identified 33 medicinal plant content spanning 26 families, with leaves emerging as the predominant component. Notably, Garcinia mangostana, enriched with alpha-mangostin and γ-mangostin, garnered attention for its recurrent inclusion in capsules, renowned for addressing various therapeutic cures. The resulting Network exposed 333 interactions and 137 plant diseases, with antioxidants taking precedence and highlighting Curcuma longa as a noteworthy contributor. In light of the widespread use of herbal capsules, our research underscores a critical imperative—to scrutinize the bioactive compounds within each plant constituent. This scrutiny is vital for discerning potential adverse reactions or toxicity. To emphasize standards in herbal formulations, there is a need to advocate for rigorous clinical testing to determine the effectiveness of herbal capsules. In general, the study underscores the urgency for examining bioactive compounds and advocates for comprehensive clinical assessments. This approach enhances our understanding of the intricate Network within herbal capsules, ensuring their safer and more efficacious utilization in healthcare. 

Due to excessive costs and poor access to modern medicine due to poverty, many individuals flock to the sidewalks to look for traditional sources of cure. These traditional healing sources abound near catholic churches and markets in many municipalities and cities in the Philippines. Many churchgoers after the mass flock to see these sidewalk vendors and buy those traditional plants they need to address their health concerns. In this study, it was discovered that a total of 28 plants were available and sold on the sidewalk of the catholic church in the city of Iligan in Mindanao, Philippines. Twenty-three (23) plant species belonging to 23 genera and 20 families were identified. The genera with the greatest representation are Fabaceae, Meliaceae, and Poaceae. The most frequently cited health problems that will be addressed by the commercialized ethnomedicinal plants for sale are digestive disorders, problems with the musculoskeletal system and connective tissues, and respiratory disorders. The most commonly used plant part was the stem, which was typically prepared by simmering in water (decoction), and the majority of remedies were taken orally. Results of the Gephi run of medicinal plants in relation to the diseases show the highest in-degree value in the network is the antioxidant property. In a directed network, the antioxidant activity receives connections from 9 medicinal plants. The network with the highest weight is Tinospora crispa (L.) Hook. f. & Thomson which signifies a relatively strong connection between the nodes linked by that edge. The network analysis highlights eight interrelationships and while the commercialization of traditional medicinal plants are sold without restrictions in Iligan City has been extensively utilized by the local community, phytochemical and pharmacological evaluations are still needed for their safe use.

The indigenous population of the Philippines has a comprehensive knowledge of traditional medicine that has been handed down through generations. This information has immense potential for pharmaceutical advancements and biodiversity conservation. Due to limited access to contemporary healthcare, traditional medicine continues to be utilized despite the urban context. In this study, the ethnopharmacological knowledge of the Meranao community, particularly in Marawi City, Philippines, was studied. The study identified 23 plant species with medicinal properties, highlighting the abundant botanical diversity of the region, with Euphorbiaceae and Fabaceae families displaying high species diversity. The most commonly utilized plant portion is the leaf, which is administered orally after decoctioning or simmering. This contributes to sustainable plant growth while also addressing health concerns. To thoroughly apply this knowledge, it is necessary to bridge traditional practices and modern science through rigorous pharmacological evaluations. Protecting these valuable plant species and cultural heritage requires conservation efforts as well.

A study carried out in Salah Alden and Al-Shirqat hospitals, through year 2019. Sixty blood samples have been taken from infertile men aged (18-50) years, divided into three categories its less than 30, 31-40 and more than 40 years. Also taken information about the period infertility, smoking and family history. In addition to thirty samples from apparently healthy persons as control group. The results showed significant differences between mean levels of ghrelin, Testosterone, FSH, and Prolactin for the groups of infertility and healthy patients. The concentrations of ghrelin were 2.169, 5.433m/ml, 1.881 and 4.920ng/ml in both patient and control groups respectively. FSH, LH and Prolactin were 17.830, 5.111m/ml and 21.665ng/ml, respectively. Concentrations of the control group were 7.863, 4.386m/ml and 6.303ng/ml. There were no significant differences in the effect of age, smoking and family history on concentrations of hormones studied.

Background: Pre-marital screening is a series of examine that new couples undergo to screen for frequent  inherited genetic blood disorders (primarily hemoglobinopathies, for instance thalassemia and sickle cell anemia) in addition to viral infections (such as hepatitis B, hepatitis C, and HIV/AIDS), sexually transmitted diseases (such as syphilis and gonorrhea), blood grouping, and resuscitation factor. Objective: The goal is to minimize the risk of a partner or child contracting a disease and to give partners choices to assist them plan for a family that is healthy. Result: This study was performed on 1380 individuals (690 couples) in Al-Furat Al-Awsat Teaching Hospital for premarital screening was performed over five months from January to the end of May of 2023. The age was ranging from 15 years to 50 years of either sex, and regarding the result for HIV was two cases only in May, VDRL was one case in January and March, two cases in April, HBV was seven cases, one case in January and February, two cases in April, and three cases in March, as regards HCV there was one case in January and two cases in February. Blood group O had the largest prevalence of blood groupings (31.5%), followed by A (25%), B (23.2%), and AB (8.9%). Rh-negative individuals made up (11.4%) of the study sample; of them, 81 (5.9%) were female and 76 (5.5) were male. Conclusions: Premarital screening programs are a crucial strategy for identifying non-symptomatic carriers of thalassemia and hepatitis virus infection.

This study aimed to determine the distribution and antifungal susceptibility of Candida species isolated from 190 patients under chronic dialysis. During the period from November 2022 to the end of March 2023.Demographic, clinic data and urine samples were obtained. Candida spp prevalence was 24.2% of 46 isolates. Females had a higher infection rate than males, and the age group (41-50 years) was the most infected with Candida spp. Principal identified species were C. glabrata, C. krusei, C. parapsilosis, C. tropicals and C. albicans, which is considered the most common and frequent. The results showed that the antifungal ketoconazole (10 µg /disk) was most capable of inhibiting Candida isolates with a percentage of 89.1%, while the antifungal clotrimazole (10 µg / disk) and fluconazole (25 µg/disk) had the least ability to inhibit Candida isolates with a percentage of 67.4%. While it showed that the antibiotic amphotericin B had the highest resistance, while the antibiotic ketoconazole showed the least resistance to Candida isolates.

Performing breast self-exammonthly help in early detection of breast cancer agreed by 73(72.3 %) of the students. Performing breast self-exammonthly help in detection of tumors before going to doctors agreed by 75(74.3 %) of the students. Performing breast self-exam monthly will decrease complications of BC if I got its agreed by 75(74.3 %) of the students. Performing breast self-examdecrease the chance of making operation if I got it agreed by 15(14.9 %) of the students. When I performed breast self-exam I became self-satisfied agreed by 17 (16.8 %) of the students. Performing breast self-exam decrease the anxiety about breast cancer agreed by 29(28.7 %) of the students.Monthly BSE practice among nursing students was poor. Confidence of breast self-exam was good. The performing breast self-exam was considered a trivial thing or unfavorable thing in half of the nursing students. Good percentage of the students considered that performing breast self-exammonthly help in early detection of breast cancer& were knowing how to perform breast self-examand could find a breast lump by performing breast self-exam

This study employs the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) method to meticulously curate articles based on specific parameters, delving into the prevalence and characteristics of long COVID. Spanning from January 1, 2021, to April 30, 2023, our analysis of 34 peer-reviewed articles utilizes descriptive statistics to illuminate the diverse impact of long COVID across various organ systems, including neurological, psychological, respiratory, cardiovascular, ENT, gastrointestinal, and dermatological domains. A primary focus emerges on neurological symptoms, with fatigue prominently identified as the most prevalent manifestation. This study, characterized by a systematic and transparent approach guided by the PRISMA method, contributes valuable insights into the intricate features of long COVID, persisting for a duration of six to twelve months post-COVID contraction. The methodological rigor of PRISMA in article selection ensures precision in data extraction and enhances the reliability of our findings. Through descriptive statistics, this study provides a quantitative foundation for understanding the multifaceted nature of long COVID, offering crucial baseline information. The results of this research not only contribute to the scholarly discourse on long COVID but also lay the groundwork for informed strategies to address the enduring impact on individuals' health and well-being.