Background: Pediatric nutrition plays a crucial role in child growth and development, particularly during the formative years. Limited awareness and education about proper nutrition often led to malnutrition, stunted growth, and other health issues in children. This study aimed to explore the public understanding of pediatric nutrition in Chamba and examine its impact on child growth and development. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Chamba, a rural district in northern India, from January to June 2024. The study included 300 parents and primary caregivers of children aged 6 months to 5 years. Participants were selected through a multi-stage random sampling technique. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire, which assessed demographic information, nutrition knowledge, and child growth indicators. Anthropometric measurements were taken following WHO standard protocols. Data were analyzed using SPSS software, with bivariate and multiple linear regression analyses employed to identify associations and predictors of child growth outcomes. Results: The study revealed significant gaps in nutrition knowledge among participants, with only 54.0% correctly identifying essential nutrients and 48.7% understanding balanced diets. A high prevalence of malnutrition-related growth issues was observed, with 29.0% of children stunted, 23.0% underweight, and 17.3% experiencing wasting. Caregivers' knowledge of essential nutrients and balanced diets was significantly associated with better child growth outcomes (P < 0.001). Socio-economic factors, particularly low income, were also linked to poorer growth outcomes. Key barriers to proper pediatric nutrition included economic constraints (60.7%), lack of nutrition education (47.7%), and limited access to healthcare services (37.0%). Conclusion: This study underscores the critical role of public understanding of pediatric nutrition in shaping child growth outcomes in Chmba. The findings highlight significant knowledge gaps, socio-economic challenges, and cultural barriers that contribute to the high prevalence of malnutrition in the region. Targeted public health interventions focusing on nutrition education, economic support, and improved healthcare access are essential to promote healthier child development and address the malnutrition crisis in Chamba.