Mortality and Morbidity Study of Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy in Empyema Gall Bladder: A Experience in Khulna City Medical College and Hospital, Bangladesh
Introduction: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) has dramatically changed the outlook of patients with symptomatic gallstone disease. Empyema of the gallbladder is a potentially fatal complication of gallstones. One of the current worldwide health problems, especially among adults. Aim of the Study: The study aimed to find out the clinical outcome of Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy and its complication. Methods: This prospective study was conducted in the Department of Surgery at Khulna City Medical College and Hospital, Khulna, Bangladesh. The study was carried out from June 2019 to July 2021. The standard 4-port technique performed the LC with few modifications depending upon the situation, such as an additional port and percutaneous decompression of the gallbladder by the spinal needle. The gallbladder was incised in cases of thick pus, and a suction cannula was introduced to aspirate directly into the gallbladder. The suction cannula was also used to dissect the dense adhesions in the area of Calot's triangle. The thickened wall of the gallbladder was also incised to apply the graspers properly in cases where it was difficult to get hold of the thick, edematous gallbladder. Data of each patient was recorded on a data form, including demographic details, operative findings, intraoperative complications, postoperative complications, and duration of hospitalization. Result: A total of 120 patients were enrolled and analyzed in this prospective study. Most of the 44(36.67%) patients were from the age range of 50-59. According to gender distribution, 65% of patients were male, and 35% were female. From the operational complication, 13(10.83%) patients had to bleed, 9(7.50%) patients with perforation of the gallbladder, four patients had minor trauma to the common bile duct, and the same number of patients had duodenal perforation. In this study, we successfully operated on 94 patients and converted 26 patients. There were 25 patients who had complications after a successful operation, and 21 converted patients had complications. Conclusion: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) is a safe and acceptable option in gallbladder empyema. However, there are significant technical difficulties due to edema, adhesions, and distorted anatomy in the area of Calot's triangle. The experience of the surgeon plays an important role. We recommend that patient safety be prioritized and that the conversion threshold be kept low. Sub-total cholecystectomy may be considered where resection proves dangerous.