In this study, analysis of the vitamins A, E, C and β-carotene, lycopene, ghrelin, oxidized and reduced glutathione (GSSG, GSH), 4-hydroxynonenal (HNE) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in fresh and frozen leek (Allium ampeloprasum) and wild leek (Asphodelus aestivus L.) were analyzed by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). It was found that the amounts of vitamins A, E, C and β-carotene in fresh leek were (3.10±0.15; 33.00±2.30; 52.32±2.55 and 10.10±0.90 µg/g), ghrelin, GSH, GSSG, HNE and MDA were 38.00±2.40; 110.40±8.60; 22.60±1.00; 6.50±0.20 and 0.96±0.08 µg/g, respectively. On the other hand, in wild leek the amounts of vitamin A, vitamin E, vitamin C, β-carotene and lycopene were found to be 12.60±0.90; 88.40±6.50; 645.00±32.00; 57.90±4.00 and 2.40±0.15 µg/g, respectively, ghrelin, GSH, GSSG, HNE and MDA were found to be 69.40±4.80; 313.80±28.90; 42.30±1.70; 4.51±0.24 and 0.64±0.05 µg/g. These findings suggest that, wild leek is a better food source than the leek. On the other hand, freezing of leek and wild leek, have statistically no effect on the parameters examined (p> 0.05).

Employee performance is the result of work in quality and quantity that can be achieved by an employee in carrying out tasks in accordance with the responsibilities assigned to him. The company must also carry out social functions internally and externally to ensure the welfare of its members as well as having an impact on the survival of the company. To be able to compete with other similar industries, companies must have competitive advantages that are very difficult to imitate, which will only be obtained from employees who are productive, innovative, creative, always enthusiastic and loyal. This study aims to analyze the effect of work motivation on employee performance, work supervision affects employee performance, work discipline affects employee performance and job satisfaction affects employee performance at PT. Play Welfare Union. This research was conducted at PT. Union Prosperous Utama with the consideration that the location is an agribusiness institution, especially in the field of mechanization technology for sugarcane farming equipment at PT. Nusantara XII Plantation in Banyuwangi area. The object of this research is the employees of the mechanization department at PT. Serikat Sejahtera Utama. The sample used in this study amounted to 56 respondents, sampling using the Random Sampling formula. The analysis in this study uses descriptive analysis and Partial Least Square (PLS) analysis. The results of the study that work motivation has a positive and significant effect on employee performance, if employees get high motivation it will improve their performance. Work supervision has a positive and significant effect on employee performance, if employees are supervised or controlled during work then employees will feel supervised and this can improve employee performance.

In the 21st century now, the condition of the earth is currently experiencing a fairly serious problem, namely the occurrence of global warming. The largest contributor to waste is food and beverage packaging, with the largest number being 146 million tons per year. This means that the green marketing strategy for the mineral water product of the Ades brand has been proven to have led to consumer buying decision behavior to buy the product. This study aims to analyze the effect of green marketing products on consumer buying interest, analyze the effect of consumer buying interest products on consumer purchasing decisions, the effect of green marketing on consumer purchasing decisions and analyze buying interest variables as a mediating variable that has an indirect influence on green marketing and decisions. consumer purchases at Modern Stores in Mojokerto City. The location for collecting research information was in the city of Mojokerto, East Java. Collecting information from 3 modern shops in Mojokerto City which were selected intentionally (purposively). The data processing is carried out in 3 modern stores in the Mojokerto City area, including Carrefour, Superindo, and Sanrio. The reason the researcher chose the 3 stores was with the consideration that these 3 modern stores were implementing green marketing in serving their consumers. The analysis in this study uses descriptive analysis and Partial Least Square (PLS) analysis. The results of the study show that green marketing has a positive and significant effect on buying interest, buying interest has a positive and significant effect on purchasing decisions, green marketing has a positive but not significant effect on purchasing decisions and the buying interest variable can be an intervening variable in green marketing on purchasing decisions. Without the help of other factors, consumer purchasing decisions will stagnate on the results achieved previously.

The more cayenne pepper does not necessarily result in greater income, because the price of cayenne pepper affects revenue. Materials for consideration for farmers in making decisions to carry out cayenne pepper farming activities in addition to the technical aspects of how farmers allocate production factors to produce high production, the amount of production produced from the harvest, and also the economic aspect, namely the costs incurred by farmers to implement the activity. This study aims to analyze the factors that influence cayenne pepper farming and to analyze the total income of cayenne pepper farmers in Lakardowo Village, Jetis District, Mojokerto Regency. The research location was chosen purposively with a method of determining the location of the research which was determined deliberately based on the consideration that Lakardowo Village is a large chili producer center in the Mojokerto Regency area. The sample used in this research method is 43 farmers. The analysis in this study uses Partial Least Square (PLS) analysis and income analysis. The results of the study The factors that affect chili farming there is 1 factor that has a significant positive effect, namely Labor. While the 3 factors that do not have a significant effect are Land Area, Capital and Management Factors on chili farming. Factors - both factors that have no effect and influence must still be considered for increasing production and income of chili farming in Lakardowo Village, Jetis District, Mojokerto Regency. The marketing system has two forms of marketing channels for chili commodities in Lakardowo Village, Jetis District, Mojokerto Regency, from the two marketing channels seen from the value of marketing margins, farmer's share and marketing efficiency, marketing chain 2 provides a higher price share to farmers.

Risk management is a tool that can assist farmers in making decisions in dealing with risks. So that research on risk analysis is important to be carried out in order to determine appropriate farming risk management actions for farmers. This study aims to analyze the kinds of risks faced, analyze the level of risk, risk management strategies for rice farming in Bohar Village, Taman District, Sidoarjo Regency. The research location was chosen purposively in the village of Bohar, Taman District, Sidoarjo Regency, which has a high risk potential and is one of the areas that has a fairly low production in Sidoarjo Regency. The data is divided into primary data and secondary data, primary data obtained from interviews with a total sample of 36 people. The analysis in this study uses descriptive analysis and the level of risk. The results of the research that the risk management carried out by rice farmers in Bohar Village, Taman District, Sidoarjo Regency, namely starting from farmers identifying damage or problems that occur in rice farming. Farmers also take several ways to reduce the risks that occur in their farming. There are three strategies carried out by farmers, namely ex-ante strategies (before the risk occurs) such as rice - rice - rice cropping patterns, conventional planting systems and the use of superior varieties, and seed treatment. Interactive strategies (when there is a risk) such as doing embroidery, spacing tightly or jajar legowo, using fertilizer types and volumes according to needs, looking for workers from outside the village and borrowing credit from informal sources. Ex-post strategies (after a risk occurs) such as completely relying on rice farming, taking from savings and finding solutions to existing failures.

Farmers' perceptions of the AUTP program are important to achieve the success of this program, with good perceptions and supported by active participation, agricultural insurance as a guarantor of the risk of farming failure for farmers will run accordingly, so that the purpose of agricultural insurance will be achieved. This study aims to analyze the factors that influence farmers' perceptions, analyze farmers' perceptions of the Rice Farming Insurance program (AUTP), analyze farmers' expectations on the Rice Farming Insurance program (AUTP) in Sidoarjo Regency. The research location was chosen purposively in Sidoarjo Regency. There are many farmers in the area who follow and have experienced rice farming insurance (AUTP) and also this area is often flooded due to the lowlands. data from the Food and Agriculture Service of Sidoarjo Regency, farmers who have these criteria are in the districts of Balongbendo, Tulangan, Taman, Tanggulangin and Candi. The total population is 131 farmers, so the number of samples is 33 people. The analysis in this study uses descriptive analysis, regression and Likert scale. The results of the study are that 1. Simultaneously the influence of the variables of age, education, land area, length of farming and AUTP knowledge is real at the 95% level, a good perception of the Rice Farming Insurance program (AUTP) means that farmers accept the existence of the AUTP program and have a good view of which is good for the AUTP program in Sidoarjo Regency. Expectations for the Rice Farming Insurance (AUTP) program in Sidoarjo Regency are the most expected, namely expecting larger insurance claims, continuing AUTP, ongoing subsidies, additional quotas for bird pests entering claims, fixed premiums and uncomplicated procedures.

Plant growth–promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) inhabits the plant roots and has positive effects on plant growth and physiology. To investigate the effect of inoculation of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria in Radish plants, four bacterial strains i.e. Pseudomonas putida, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Azospirillumlipoferum and Bacillus subtiliswere applied to radish plants at 3 leaf stage along with some plants left untreated to act as control. Experimental analysis of different parameters revealed that morphological parameters viz. plant height, number of leaves, fresh weight and dry weight were found to be improved in response to the applied PGPRs in comparison to control plants. Various biochemical parameters like nitrate reductase activity, superoxide dismutase activity and protein content were also found to be improved in response to PGPR application. Therefore, from the results obtained it can be concluded that use of PGPR has immense potential to be used as agricultural crop inoculants as they promote plant growth as well as improve the health and yield of the plants.

Among several other natural plants occurring on earth planet, used to control the virus vectors with their insecticidal properties. Neem tree is one of the most important. Almost every part of neem is found to be having important ingredient possessing with insecticidal property which can be applied in different ways in the form of diluted sprays on to the plants body. Neem (Azadirachta indica) is found distributed almost in all regions of India, even at some places predominantly is found.

In recent time, the use of natural plants have been encouraged in research laboratories and institutes and also for commercial use. Now a days, there are available in market several spraying combinations of plant products and even in farming have been started using it, custard oil is found to be having natural insecticidal property like that of neem products. Now researches on plant saponin has been started which given desired results and found to be effective on Aphids (Aphis gossypii). These sprayings caused moulting behaviour change and fecundity of aphids. Alatae form aphids are controlled.

The total density of virus vectors is dependent on incidence, their life cycle since from eggs deposition/oviposition till the emergence of young ones from pupae and the adult stage. The Whitefly (Bemisia tabaci) is always as alatae adult so that can cover long distance as virus vectors. Their number on plants is commonly influenced by fluctuations of weather particularly temperature and relative humidity (RH). Thus climatic changes play great role. The appearance of whitefly by their numbers is dependent on 25-300C temperature and 30-50 % by relative humidity.

Grain legumes, which are interchangeably called pulses in the Indian sub-continent, have occupied an important place in the daily diets of the population of the region due to their nutritional potential, particularly as rich sources of proteins. In the present study, physicochemical attributes and the impact of UV-B irradiation on the black gram (Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper) were documented. The hundred seed weight of the black gram is higher than certain common legumes cultivated in India. The seeds posse good physicochemical properties which can be incorporated into human diets not only as protein supplements but also in processed food such as weaning, backed and soup products. In this paper, we investigated the changes in morphological, photosynthetic and physiological responses of the black gram seedlings to UV-B radiation. In the present study, the results showed that the growth of black gram was adversely affected under UV-B exposure with the response depending on the duration of exposure. Maximum reduction of growth i.e., plant height, internodal length, leaf area, plant fresh weight, plant dry weight, plant water content, chlorophyll a, b and total chlorophyll, was noted under the higher duration of UV-B irradiation.

Customers frequently compare the quality of experience they receive when purchasing a product or using a service, resulting in satisfaction or dissatisfaction. This study examined the effect and relationship between service quality dimensions and customer patronage in Oyo State college of Agriculture and technology Cooperative Society (OYSCATECH), Igboora. The service quality dimensions used in the study include reliability, tangibles, responsiveness, assurance and empathy. The study used a survey research design with a structured questionnaire as the major instrument to obtain primary data from 171 OYSCATECH Igboora customers. The data collected were analysed using descriptive statistics like frequency counts and percentages. The correlation and regression analysis was used to test the hypotheses. The correlation analysis results revealed a statistically significant and positive relationship between the service quality dimensions (reliability, tangibles, responsiveness, assurance, and empathy) on customer patronage. The regression results revealed that tangibility and responsiveness had positive effect on customer patronage with co-efficient value of (β = 0.151, t = 2.272, p ≤ 0.000), responsiveness, (β = 0.430, t = 6.004, p ≤ 0.000) reliability, (β = 0.292, t = 4.239, p ≤ 0.000) assurance, (β = 0.100, t = 1.534, p ≤ 0.000) respectively while only empathy is with the co-efficient of -0.144 has negative effect on customer’s patronage. The study therefore recommends that the cooperative society's management should ensure that their employees improve on caring and providing individualised attention to members to increase their patronage as well as sustain and continue to offer dependable and accurate services to their members to serve them better and support their patronage.

A rice transplanter is a tool for planting rice seeds with a uniform amount, depth, spacing, and planting conditions. The application of agricultural mechanization in this case the use of rice transplanters is expected to increase efficiency and effectiveness in the use of resources, and farming activities can be completed more timely, thus providing better results. This study aimed to determine the efficiency and effectiveness of using a rice transplanter to increase farmers' income in the Mojokerto Regency. This research was conducted on 50 respondents (20 rice transplanter farmers and 30 conventional farmers) from Mojokerto Regency. Data analysis methods are cost analysis, farm income, and income, farming efficiency analysis (B/C ratio), and farming effectiveness analysis. The results of this study indicate that the average income using a rice transplanter is greater than that of conventional rice farming. Rice farming using a rice transplanter is more efficient than conventional rice farming. Based on production factors, the effectiveness of the application of rice transplanter is categorized as quite effective, while conventional farming is categorized as ineffective.