Total Quality Management (TQM) and environmental sustainability are among the most important intellectual concepts that have gained significant attention from researchers and thinkers in the fields of management and continuous improvement of production and service performance in various institutions. Like other management concepts, opinions on these vary according to each researcher's perspective and approach. However, this difference mainly revolves around the goal that the company seeks to achieve, which is customer satisfaction through the interaction of all activities within projects and institutions.

The focus is on the method of TQM, its principles and the diversity of its application areas, as well as the successes achieved by ISO standards. The emphasis is on enhancing quality and its relationship to management, highlighted by the International Organization for Standardization’s issuance of the ISO 14001 series. This standard introduced the concept of total quality environmental management, which aims to balance environmental protection with economic success, provided that it aligns with established environmental policies and objectives.

Environmental management standards do not independently set environmental performance criteria; rather, they require organizations and institutions to establish policies and goals that consider all environmental impacts, laws and regulations. Total Quality Management thus becomes a necessity for institutions and countries seeking to survive and sustain their existence.

Research Problem

The research problem represents a real need perceived by the researcher and discussed through logical reasons that outline the features of the problem. Some of these reasons are discussed in the previous literature, which forms the knowledge background from which the research problem should be approached. This section aims to clarify the idea of the topic, the motivations for choosing it and the justifications for undertaking it.

The current era witnesses tremendous development in sustainable development, especially environmental sustainability. In light of the rapid environmental developments worldwide, the environmental reality has imposed the need to develop a new set of environmental requirements to preserve the environment, among which the requirements of Total Quality Environmental Management are essential. Therefore, Total Quality Management has become one of the most important and central factors for achieving success and competitive excellence for housing projects, companies and various sectors.

Based on the above, the researcher formulates the research problem through the following main question:

• What is the impact of Total Quality Environmental Management on achieving environmental sustainability?

Research Objective

The objective is to identify the level of awareness of Total Quality Environmental Management and its impact on environmental sustainability on one hand and its impact on society on the other. The study aims to highlight the cognitive and analytical aspects, as well as discuss the philosophical content and modern academic methodologies related to the research variables (Total Quality Environmental Management and Environmental Sustainability). It also seeks to determine the degree of the relationship between the main research variables, help understand the nature of the requirements of Total Quality Environmental Management in the Badr Residential Complex, assess the environmental sustainability level and test the correlation and impact relationship between them.

Research Hypothesis

The research is based on the following hypothesis:

• There is a statistically significant correlation and impact relationship between the requirements of Total Quality Environmental Management and environmental sustainability

Research Model

Based on the views of several researchers in previous studies that examine the independent variable (Total Quality Management) and its effects on the dependent variable (Environmental Sustainability), as illustrated in Figure 1.

Theoretical Review

Concept of Total Quality Environmental Management ISO 14001: In 1992, the Global Environmental Management Initiative (GEMI) introduced a management concept known as Total Quality Environmental Management (TQEM) to the business world. This concept combines the principles of Total Quality Management, as adopted by management expert Dr. W. Edwards Deming, with environmental management objectives. GEMI commits to Total Quality Environmental Management as it focuses on the continuous improvement of a company’s environmental activities. Within this commitment, the initiative provides guidelines on TQEM concepts and forms a forum for their exchange. The secret to the proper implementation of Total Quality Environmental Management lies in the harmonious integration of all components of this system so that they work together to achieve the desired goals [1].

The concept of Total Quality Environmental Management emerged in 1990 when the Global Environmental Management Institute gathered more than 20 major companies in the United States with the aim of adopting the TQEM concept [2]. The concept of Total Quality Management is considered the backbone of organizational management for continuous improvement, as it is one of the best methods that allow for ongoing and sustainable development to achieve environmental sustainability and improve environmental performance.

Total Quality Environmental Management has been defined in several ways, including as an organized and holistic approach used to develop the environmental performance of an organization through the implementation of total quality management and environmental practices aimed at solving general environmental problems [3]. It is the system that combines two sub-systems: Total Quality Management and Environmental Management through their administrative approaches [4]. Khanna et al. [5] defined Total Quality Environmental Management as the application of environmental management principles within the total quality management concept, which focuses on prevention by detecting and reducing defects and improving quality in all aspects of the manufacturing process. This system can be applied to prevent pollution problems within the framework of total quality environmental management, considering pollution as a defect that should be continuously reduced by developing products and processes that minimize waste generation at the source.

Ansari et al. [4] stated that it is a system designed to create more environmentally sustainable products by adopting processes that improve the environmental performance of the organization. Rashan and Abdul Razzaq [6] noted that it is an approach for continuous improvement aiming to integrate total quality management and environmental systems for organizational processes with comprehensive contributions from various levels by reducing or limiting waste and pollution in various forms. This definition emphasizes preventing pollution problems at their source and reducing waste generation.

Figure 1: The Research Hypothetical Model

Importance of Total Quality Environmental Management
The importance of the Total Quality Environmental Management (TQEM) system can be presented through the following points [7]:

• Achieving better control over the environmental impacts that may affect the activities of the organization by combining the principles of total quality management and environmental management to improve the organization's environmental performance and contribute to sustainable development. This is due to increasing environmental and societal pressures. Organizations adopting the TQEM system seek to become environmentally responsible by involving stakeholders such as customers, employees and the community in environmental issues, thereby achieving environmental efficiency [2]
• Organizations can avoid penalties and fines that may be imposed if TQEM is not implemented
• Business organizations comply with environmental laws and regulations and pay attention to environmental impacts, enabling the organization to prevent pollution

Objectives of Total Quality Environmental Management
TQEM is a priority in global agendas. In today's competitive environment, environmental commitment is crucial. There is a global agreement to reduce pollutants such as greenhouse gases, which integrates the generation of benign energy in production processes. Organizations plan, implement and monitor activities linked to their goals accordingly. Opinions differ regarding the objectives of TQEM, which include improving environmental performance, cost savings, ensuring environmental compliance, enhancing the organization's overall image, improving environmental management documentation, reducing damages and pollution, increasing awareness and motivating environmental responsibility [8].

Requirements of Total Quality Environmental Management
Comprehensive environmental management has emphasized improving quality's relationship with environmental management due to recent developments in integrating TQM with environmental management. Environmental management has gone through stages similar to quality management, initially relying on post-pollution inspection, which made responsive treatment the priority. This led to treating environmental issues as technical topics requiring separate departments, staff, procedures and policies [9]. Specific requirements for TQEM exist in projects and service and industrial organizations, especially in residential complexes. The dimensions selected to suit the current research include: senior management commitment [10], customer focus [11], continuous improvement [12] and teamwork [13].

Concept of Environmental Sustainability

Sustainable development and environmental sustainability have entered the international political agenda, focusing on systemic changes underpinning social and productive development regionally and globally within the environment's capacity to absorb human impacts without compromising the needs of future generations or resources [14]. Environmental sustainability can be defined via two axes: Outputs-ability to contain waste and emissions from activities and inputs-controlling and measuring resource and energy inputs to regulate outputs [15]. Morelli [16] defined environmental sustainability as the balance and interconnected resilience enabling human society to meet needs without exceeding ecosystem capacity and ensuring the continual renewal of necessary services. Cai et al. [17] defined it as the ability to minimize negative effects and maximize positive effects of human behavior and the environment through designing, producing, applying, operating and disposing of products in environmentally non-harmful ways.

Importance of Environmental Sustainability

Environmental sustainability links economic growth with environmental protection, meaning investment in resource provision and preserving natural capital while benefiting from sustainable production techniques and financial gains. Environmental protection plays a major role in achieving business sustainability. Sustainability requires a long-term perspective considering business system evolution, flexibility, adaptability, ongoing local and global condition awareness and respect for nature and biodiversity [18]. It also involves respecting human capacity to manage natural resources responsibly to improve life for all societal groups by regulating human activities and environmental elements, avoiding harm, raising environmental awareness, fostering individual responsibility toward the environment and ensuring environmental planning's integration in all developmental planning stages for responsible and conscious natural resource use without depletion or destruction [19].

Objectives of Environmental Sustainability

Many intertwined and varied objectives exist for environmental sustainability, including achieving better living standards, protecting and exploiting natural environments, rational use and exploitation of resources, linking modern technology with societal goals and continuously adjusting society’s needs and priorities [20].

Dimensions of Environmental Sustainability

The sustainability concept arose from poor environmental management and its reflection on health and productivity. It focuses on achieving ecological balance and preserving the environment, both natural and built. For better understanding, sustainability’s interconnected dimensions are divided into three:

• Environmental dimension: Avoiding infringement on vital surrounding resources, meaning the environment’s ability to absorb human disturbances without degradation [21]
• Social dimension: Companies’ social responsibility role covering voluntary or discretionary relationships with environmental and community stakeholders [22]
• Economic dimension: Concerning economic structure issues such as per capita GDP share, investment share in GDP and debt share. Developed countries have achieved significant results in using renewable energy sources [23]

Practical Aspect

Questionnaire Validity Test: Table 1 shows the validity and reliability values of the questionnaire components. The questionnaire represents one of the important statistical tools for data collection, consisting of a specific set of questions aimed at collecting the data required for the study and investigation. The total number of questionnaire items is 36 and the overall reliability coefficient reached 0.891, reflecting a very strong internal consistency at the questionnaire level as a whole. The overall validity coefficient reached 0.944, indicating the questionnaire's accuracy in measuring the targeted concepts generally. The high values of reliability and validity coefficients confirm that the questionnaire enjoys a high level of reliability and accuracy in measuring the concerned variables.

Table 1: Reliability and Validity

Source: Prepared by the researcher

Normality Test

Table 2 presents the results of the normality test for the research variables using Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Shapiro-Wilk tests:

• Total Quality Environmental Management: In the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, the test statistic value was (0.086) with 237 observations and a significance level of (0.073). Since the significance level is greater than (0.05), this indicates that the data follows a normal distribution. In the Shapiro-Wilk test, the test statistic was (0.991) with a significance of (0.085), which is also greater than (0.05), meaning the data for Total Quality Environmental Management follows the normal distribution

Environmental Sustainability: In the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, the test statistic was (0.091) with 237 observations and a significance of (0.067), which is greater than (0.05), indicating the data follows a normal distribution. In the Shapiro-Wilk test, the test statistic was (0.88) with a significance of (0.091), also greater than (0.05), indicating that the data for Environmental Sustainability follows the normal distribution It is clear from the above that all variables (Total Quality Environmental Management and Environmental Sustainability) follow the normal distribution according to the results of both tests, as the significance values for all variables are greater than 0.05, as shown in Table 2 and Figure 2 and 3.

Table 2: Normality Test for Study Variables

Source: Prepared by the researcher

Figure 2: Distribution of Data for the Variable Total Quality Environmental Management

Figure 3: Distribution of Data for the Variable Environmental Sustainability

Test of Correlation Between Variables

Correlation is a statistical measure used to determine the strength and direction of the relationship between variables. It is usually expressed by a correlation coefficient, such as Pearson's coefficient, which ranges between -1 and 1. A value of -1 indicates a perfect negative relationship (when one variable increases, the other decreases), while a value of 1 indicates a perfect positive relationship (when one variable increases, the other also increases).

The relationship between the two variables indicates a statistically significant association between Total Quality Environmental Management and achieving Environmental Sustainability. Table 3 shows the correlation values, which indicate the following:
The analysis results show a strong positive direct relationship between [Total Quality Environmental Management] and [Environmental Sustainability], with a correlation coefficient of (0.752**). This means that increasing reliance on Total Quality Environmental Management leads to an increase in Environmental Sustainability in the residential complex. The probability value was (0.000), indicating that this relationship is significant at the 99% confidence level. Despite the sample size of 237 participants, the results are statistically significant, which suggests the need for the residential complex to enhance its capabilities in Total Quality Environmental Management to further improve Environmental Sustainability.

Table 3: Correlation Coefficient Values Between Total Quality Environmental Management and Environmental Sustainability

Source: Prepared by the researcher

Test of the Impact Relationship Between Variables

The impact of Total Quality Environmental Management on Environmental Sustainability

The results of the impact test showed that the constant (α) value was (1.014), indicating the minimum value reached by the variable Total Quality Environmental Management (Table 4). The marginal slope (β) was (0.729), indicating the positive impact of Total Quality Environmental Management on Environmental Sustainability. The coefficient of determination (R²) was (0.486), indicating that 49% of the variance in Environmental Sustainability can be explained by Total Quality Environmental Management, while the remaining 51% is due to other factors not included in the research model. The F-test value reached (221.993) with a probability value of (0.000), which is less than the significance level (0.05), indicating a strong significant impact of Total Quality Environmental Management on Environmental Sustainability.

Table 4: Impact of Total Quality Environmental Management on Environmental Sustainability

Conclusions

Based on the theoretical literature discussed and the practical side analysis and the hypothesis testing of the main variables (Total Quality Environmental Management and Environmental Sustainability), the following are the main conclusions reached by the current study:

• There is a high awareness among senior management in the residential project (Badr Complex) about the benefits of implementing a Total Quality Environmental Management system. Those responsible for the project are concerned with the quality of work and services provided to residents in the housing units
• The management of the residential complex studies customer requirements, including delivery and after-sales service, through consultations between the project owners and customers regarding key handover, installments and the financial and legal requirements needed by both the residential project management and customers during the unit handover
• Environmental quality in the complex is determined based on the preferences of internal and external customers through ongoing efforts between project management and sales management, considering customer preferences according to predetermined specifications and design, such as modifying materials or interior design to meet customer needs at mutually agreed costs
• Senior management continuously implements improvements in the residential complex, including skill development for sales, inquiries, maintenance staff and customer service to enhance the project's image. They also attempt to improve housing unit models by enhancing designs and avoiding flaws found in previous models
• Environmental performance improvement processes by management involve continuous enhancement of all project operations, including materials, design, construction processes and green spaces, as well as eco-friendly power stations and providing diverse services to customers
• Problems in the project (residential complex) are effectively addressed through teamwork and the participation of all employees. Issues faced by management, project owners, sales department or residents are managed by specialized committees

aimed at avoiding losses or damage. Senior management supports teamwork and authorizes employees to solve problems they encounter on the job

Recommendations

In light of the conclusions obtained from the study results, the main recommendations to enhance and strengthen the role of Total Quality Environmental Management in achieving environmental sustainability are as follows:

• Enhance senior management awareness in the residential project (Badr Complex) about the benefits of implementing a Total Quality Environmental Management system in housing units
• Diligently employ post-delivery indicators in managing the residential complex and thoroughly study customer requirements, including delivery and after-sales services
• The Badr Residential Complex must strengthen its capabilities in senior management commitment and financial resources to better improve and reduce environmental pollution by using eco-friendly technologies and devices
• The role of senior management in the residential complex should be enhanced to improve consumption rationalization by providing instructions and guidance to residents on rational consumption and encouraging them to use environmentally friendly technologies
• The residential complex management should utilize its capabilities in senior management commitment and financial resources to reduce human health impacts by minimizing gaseous emissions from generators or other pollution and guide citizens to use solar energy or energy-efficient devices
• The residential complex should focus on customer needs and financial capabilities to improve environmental pollution reduction by paying attention to customer needs and financial resources to use renewable energy and provide high-quality services for environmental sustainability

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