This study aims to determine the impact of information systems quality on improving digital management among administrative leaders at the University of Tikrit. This study employed a descriptive-analytical approach, utilizing a field method to collect data through a questionnaire. The University of Tikrit was selected as the study site and its administrative leaders, including deans, vice-deans, department heads and rapporteurs, were represented. The study sample consisted of 150 respondents and the questionnaire served as the primary data collection tool, utilizing a five-point Likert scale. The study yielded a set of conclusions, the most significant of which is that the quality of information systems has a positive impact on digital management among administrative leaders at the University of Tikrit. In light of the study's findings, the researcher recommends promoting the use of modern technologies in data analysis to enhance decision-making processes and digital management.

This research aims to examine the impact of ISO 14001 Total Quality Environmental Management on achieving environmental sustainability. It is an analytical study conducted in the Badr Residential Project-Baghdad, focusing on the owners of VIP units and economic units within the Badr Residential Complex. To achieve the research objective, the main research problem was formulated as: How can environmental sustainable development be achieved through the application of ISO 14001 Total Quality Environmental Management requirements? The study employed a comparative analytical approach targeting a purposive sample from senior management levels (owners of VIP and economic units). The total population size was 650 individuals and the questionnaire was distributed to a sample of 242 according to the "D. Morgan" formula, resulting in 237 valid responses for statistical analysis from the Badr Residential Complex. The questionnaire served as the primary tool for data collection. The SPSS software version 24 was used to analyze the data and test the research hypotheses. The study revealed several results, most notably the significant impact of ISO 14001 Total Quality Environmental Management requirements in achieving environmental sustainability. The study also confirmed that senior management in the residential complex perceives the benefits and advantages of implementing the total quality environmental management system to achieve sustainability in the housing units.

The purpose of the study is to determine the level of interaction of Zain Telecom employees with viral marketing campaigns that they receive via email, on the one hand. On the other hand, its relationship with the electronic spread of brands, the researcher relied on a descriptive approach based on theoretical information from many sources and references available in libraries. The survey form was designed as the primary tool in data collection, where 150 were distributed Number of forms valid for analysis was 120. Forms Relied on the SPSS statistical program the study confirmed that viral marketing has a positive effect on brands based on the study conducted. With this, the researcher recommended further promotion of the use of viral marketing campaigns to promote brands.

This article investigates the influence of e-marketing on social and economic development, focusing specifically on Asia Cell Communications Company as a case study. The descriptive analysis indicates that perceptions of e-marketing practices ranged from moderate to high, with an overall mean score of 3.62 (SD = 0.35). Among the assessed sub-variables, quality digital content was rated highest (mean = 3.80), followed by the use of digital tools (mean = 3.67), technical support (mean = 3.58), promotion strategies (mean = 3.55) and targeting the appropriate audience (mean = 3.51). Regarding development outcomes, both social and economic development were positively perceived, with mean scores of (3.63 and 3.62), respectively. Regression analysis demonstrated that e-marketing exerted a statistically significant and positive effect on development outcomes, accounting for (65.8%) of the variance (R² = 0.658, p<0.001). Within the dimensions of e-marketing, promotion strategies (β = 0.757) emerged as the strongest predictor, followed by targeting the right audience, quality digital content, digital tools and technical support; all were statistically significant predictors. The findings confirm all primary and subsidiary hypotheses, leading to the conclusion that effective e-marketing strategies are pivotal in fostering social and economic development, particularly when implemented through comprehensive and targeted approaches.

This article aims to examine the effect of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), Leverage, on Earning Response Coefficient (ERC), with Firm Size acting as a moderating variable.The population of this study consists of annual reports of companies in the basic industry and chemical sectors listed on IDX, as well as company websites as sources of secondary data. Purposive sampling technique was used to select samples from companies in the basic industry and chemical sectors listed on IDX. The sampling criteria include companies in the basic industry and chemical sectors that have consistently been listed on IDX between 2019 and 2021, companies that have published financial reports at a specific time during the research year, companies that did not experience losses during the research year, companies that provided complete information related to the research variables, and companies that underwent delisting. The data analysis method used is Path Analysis. The research results show that Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) has an influence on Earning Response Coefficient (ERC), while Leverage (LEV) does not have an effect on Earning Response Coefficient. Firm Size (Size) weakens the effect of CSR on ERC and strengthens the effect of LEV on ERC.

This research delves into Iraq’s economic trajectory from 2000 to 2024, focusing on key indicators such as GDP growth, non-oil GDP, and the fiscal deficit. The analysis examines how factors like global oil prices, government oil revenue, public expenditure, the exchange rate, and interest rates collectively influence economic outcomes. The authors employ the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model a method recognized for its effectiveness in capturing both immediate and lagged effects among time-series variables. The ARDL bounds testing indicated a stable, long-term equilibrium relationship among these economic variables. In the long term, oil revenues, international oil prices, and fiscal policy measures emerged as dominant influences on Iraq’s economic performance. Exchange and interest rate movements, while not as headline-grabbing, still played meaningful roles in shaping macroeconomic adjustment. The short-run findings revealed that deviations from equilibrium tended to be corrected relatively swiftly, though the pace of adjustment was not uniform across all models. Model diagnostics showed no evidence of serial correlation, heteroscedasticity, or misspecification, and the residuals displayed a normal distribution, supporting the robustness of the empirical results. In conclusion, the findings reaffirm Iraq’s persistent reliance on oil as the primary engine of growth and fiscal stability, while simultaneously highlighting the country’s exposure to external shocks and policy imbalances. The results emphasize the necessity of monitoring both short-term fluctuations and longer-term trends to design sustainable economic policies in resource-dependent settings. Moving forward, diversification and sound fiscal management will be vital if Iraq aims to mitigate vulnerabilities tied to global oil market cycles.

The study aimed to clarify the relationship between job bullying with its dimensions (verbal abuse, constant criticism, denial of the use of resources, undue pressure) on administrative empowerment with its dimensions (delegation of authority, organizational culture, teams, effective communication). For the purpose of completing this study, the researcher used the descriptive analytical method, where he used the questionnaire tool to collect data from the target community of the study, which was prepared specifically for this study based on scientific sources, and the study sample was on the random sample Method, where the study community is a sample of administrative staff at the Salah al-Din governorate office where ( 150 ) questionnaires were distributed and retrieved (130) were valid for analysis (120) and the data was analyzed using the SPSS statistical analysis program. The results of the statistical analysis showed that there is a statistically significant positive impact of job bullying on administrative empowerment and that the presence of job bullying in the organization has a negative impact on administrative empowerment. The study recommended enhancing the pursuit of providing a positive work environment in which the fight against job bullying in all its forms appears, addressing the cases that occur, and working to raise awareness among working individuals to combat this situation, and the organization adopts comprehensive and integrated strategies that improve the work environment and combat job bullying and enhance administrative empowerment.

The view of stock investment as a solution in overcoming the financial instability of companies in the midst of a crisis has become a major concern. Investors seek returns through stock investments and expect to earn a favorable return on investment (ROI). This study reveals that ROI affects the financial performance of a company and has an impact on its stock value. The graph of the relationship between ROI and stock value illustrates the close relationship between this financial instrument and the estimated value of a company's stock. This study aims to investigate the effect of ROI on the stock value of food and beverage companies in the hope of gaining better insights than previous research. This research is based on the observation that ROI can be used as a significant financial performance indicator in investment decision making. By evaluating the financial performance of a company, investors can make smarter investment decisions, reduce risks, and increase profit opportunities. This study adopts a quantitative descriptive method and uses secondary data from the financial statements of 15 food and beverage companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in the 2021-2022 period.

This study aims to analyze the combined impact of the concepts of green strategic management and green governance on improving the efficiency of sustainable public service delivery in the Al-Rifai Municipality in Dhi Qar Governorate, Southern Iraq. The research adopted an integrated scientific methodology combining theoretical analysis and field study, where a specialized questionnaire was designed and administered to 231 municipal employees and officials, selected scientifically to ensure representation of various administrative levels and functional specialties. The results of advanced statistical analysis using SPSS revealed several important indicators: First, the results showed a very strong positive correlation between the application of green strategic management standards and the improvement of service efficiency, with a correlation coefficient of 0.900, which is a high indicator demonstrating the strength of the impact. Second, it was found that green governance had a greater impact, recording a correlation coefficient of 0.949, confirming the exceptional importance of the governance framework in supporting green policies. A key finding of the study is that the combination of green strategic management and green governance explains 91.4% of the variance in public service efficiency, as measured by the coefficient of determination (R²) in multiple regression analysis. Reliability and validity tests confirmed the data's reliability, as all Cronbach's alpha coefficients exceeded 0.90, enhancing the credibility and generalizability of the results. The scientific contribution of this study lies in presenting an integrated model that links strategic, administrative and governance aspects in achieving institutional sustainability, with a particular focus on the government sector in the Iraqi context. The study also provides a practical framework that government agencies and municipalities can use to enhance their green policies and sustainable development programs.

The skincare industry in Indonesia is experiencing significant growth, driven by rising consumer interest. Marketing strategies increasingly leverage South Korean influencers, capitalizing on the strong influence of Korean culture. This study examines the impact of South Korean influencer credibility on Indonesian consumers' purchase decisions, by considering the role brand awareness and perceived quality. Results indicate that influencer credibility significantly enhances brand awareness and perceived quality, which subsequently drive purchase decisions. These findings offer valuable insights for skincare companies to optimize marketing campaigns by strategically selecting influencers with high credibility to strengthen brand perception and consumer engagement.