Abuse of legal substances in India includes alcohol and tobacco, which are the major risk factors for various non-communicable diseases and deaths. This study was done to evaluate the pattern of Smoking and Alcohol consumption among adult population of District Shimla. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional survey was conducted amongst the participants in the age group of 18 to 60 years, using google forms. The questionnaire was circulated among residents of district Shimla for responses. Results: A total of 400 respondents including 194(48.5%) females and 206(51.5%) males from district Shimla were participated in the study. Among the participants of the majority 189(47.3%) were in age group of 31-40 years, 159(39.8%) were in Govt Job,338(84.5%) were graduate & above, 235(58.8%) were from urban area and 387(96.8%) were belong to Hindu Religion. Among the total 400 study participants, majority 45 (11.3%) were smokers. Majority of them (26) smoke daily. Most of the them (23) smoke 2 cigarettes daily on an average. Among the 194 females in the study, 3(1.5%) were smokers while among 206 males 42(20.4%) were smokers. So, males were significantly more smoker statistically. Among the total 400 study participants, majority 81 (20.3%) were alcoholic. Majority of them (46) took alcohol once weekly. Most of the them (31) took 3 pegs of alcohol on an average in one time. Among the 194 females in the study, 5(2.6%) were alcoholic while among 206 males 76(36.9%) were alcoholic. So, males were significantly more alcoholic statistically. Conclusion: To prevent the burden from legal substances like tobacco and alcohol abuse, a cost-effective non-pharmacological approach is required.

Background: Owing to nutrition transition, faulty eating habits (increased consumption of sugar and salt, diet high in energy, fat, refined grains, and other processed foods, sweets, and savoury snacks), there is a rapid rise in NCDs. This study was done to evaluate the pattern of Visible Salt, Sugar & fat (Ghee/Oil/butter) consumption among the adult population of District Shimla. 

Methods: A descriptive cross sectional survey was conducted amongst the participants in the age group of 18 to 60 years, using google forms. The questionnaire was circulated among residents of district Shimla for responses. 

Results: A total of 400 respondents including 194 (48.5%) females and 206 (51.5%) males from district Shimla were participated in the study. Majority of their family 149 (37.3%) were taking 1 Kg of salt, 124 (31.0%) were taking 2 Kg of sugar and 125 (31.3%) were taking 1 Kg of visible fat (oil, ghee, butter) in a month. Mean salt consumption per person per day was 8.74± 5.592 gm. In males salt consumption was lower (8.66± 5.889 gm) than females (8.81±5.272 gm). Similarly salt consumption was lower in rural areas (8.47± 5.424 gm) as compared to urban areas (8.92± 5.711 gm). Mean sugar consumption per person per day was 20.23± 13.035 gm. In males sugar consumption was statistically higher (22.13± 14.637gm) than females (18.21±10.759 gm). Similarly sugar consumption was statistically higher in rural areas (23.44± 14.580 gm) as compared to urban areas (17.97± 11.327gm). Mean visible fat (oil, ghee, butter) consumption per person per day was19.19± 12.170 gm. In males visible fat (oil, ghee, butter) consumption was statistically higher (20.58±13.222 gm) than females (17.72±10.784 gm). Similarly visible fat (oil, ghee, butter) consumption was statistically higher in rural areas (21.00± 13.985 gm) as compared to urban areas (17.92± 10.562 gm). 

Conclusion:  Public health interventions to facilitate behavioral change to reduce salt sugar and oil intake must be instituted and encouraged.

Background: Adults in Shimla have been reported to have poor sleeping patterns and habits. As a result, we designed this study to evaluate the Sleep Patterns & Habits among Adult Population of Shimla city. Methods: It was a Cross sectional community based study conducted in Shimla city from November 2021-April 2022 among Adult population having age between 18-60 years. A pre-tested self-administered, anonymous, semi-structured questionnaire was used to evaluate the sleep pattern and sleep habits. The collected Data was thoroughly screened, entered in Microsoft Excel spreadsheet 2007 and analyzed by using Epi Info v7 software. Results: In the present study a total of 408 adults age between 18-60 years selected from all 34 municipal  wards  of  Shimla  city   were   participated.   Out   of   which, 312 (76.5%)  participants used mobile for chatting on social media/ playing   games/watching   movie   before   going   to   sleep   in   bed, 129 (31.6%) stay awake late at night and watch TV before going to sleep in bed and 94 (23%) participants read books or magazines before going to sleep in bed. 187(45.8%) participants were easily awakened by noise, 104 (25.5%) participants had problem of snoring, 235 (57.6%) participants slept alone whereas 173 (42.4%) participants slept with family members, 119 (29.2%) participants stated that they had interrupted sleep, 194 (47.5%) participants wake up in the middle of sleep at night, 238 (58.3%) participants  slept with in 2 hour after eating ,  156 (38.2%)  participants  had  habit  of  day  time  sleeping, 258 (63.3%)  participants  had  problem  of  dreams  while  sleeping, 145 (32.5%) participant reported that they had trouble in sleeping once awake, 94 (23%) participants didn’t feel fresh after wake up in the morning and 12 (2.9%) participants had habit of using any sleeping pills for sleep. Conclusion: Our study concluded that most of the participants used mobile before going to sleep, used mobile for >4 hour in a day, slept with in 2 hour after eating and had problem of dreams while sleeping, easily awakened by noise, didn’t feel fresh after wake up in the morning and took 2 or more cups of coffee or tea in a day.

Background: Adults in Shimla have been reported to have poor sleeping patterns and habits. As a result, we designed this study to evaluate the Interrupted sleep pattern among Adult Population of Shimla city and its associated socio-demographic characteristics as well as sleeping habits. Methods: It was a Cross sectional community based study conducted in Shimla city from Nov 2021- April 2022 among Adult population having age between 18-60 years. A pre-tested self-administered, anonymous, semi-structured questionnaire was used to evaluate the sleep pattern and sleep habits. The collected Data was thoroughly screened and entered in Microsoft Excel spreadsheet 2007 and analyzed by using Epi Info v7 software. Results: In the present study a total of 408 adults age between 18-60 years selected from all 34 municipal wards of Shimla city were participated. Among the total, 119(29.2%) had interrupted sleep while 289(70.8%) did not have interrupted sleep.  In Our study interrupted sleep pattern was  statistically significantly associated with the males, Urban area , with the time to sleep and wake up,  habit of using mobile before going to sleep, Mobile Use and Watching TV/Computer/ Laptop >2 hours in a day, Problem of dreams while sleeping, Trouble of going back to sleep once awakened, Easily awakened by noise , intake of sleeping pills and  Habit of Smoking and taking alcohol (p<0.05) In the present study, there was no statistically significant difference in the interrupted sleep pattern according to age groups, level of education, religion, read book or magazines or  watched TV before going to sleep, slept alone and who slept with family members, sleep duration, time gap between eating and sleeping, day time sleeping habits, number of cups of coffee or tea intake, pills for mental/psychiatric disorders or any other problems, exercise  or yoga pattern and snoring pattern (p>0.05). Conclusion: Our study concluded that interrupted sleep pattern was statistically significantly associated with the males, Urban area, with the time to sleep and wake up, habit of using mobile before going to sleep, Mobile Use and Watching TV/Computer/ Laptop >2 hours in a day, Problem of dreams while sleeping, Trouble of going back to sleep once awakened, Easily awakened by noise, intake of sleeping pills and Habit of Smoking and taking alcohol.