Himalayan Publisher is committed to upholding the highest ethical standards in research involving human participants and animals. All journals published by Himalayan Publisher require authors to conduct and report research in accordance with internationally recognized ethical principles and applicable laws and regulations.

This policy is based on the recommendations of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) and the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE) and applies uniformly to all journals published by Himalayan Publisher.

Research Involving Human Participants

Research involving human participants must be conducted in accordance with internationally accepted ethical principles, including the Declaration of Helsinki, and all applicable national and institutional regulations.

Authors must ensure that:

• The study received approval from an appropriate Institutional Review Board (IRB), Ethics Committee, or equivalent authority before the research commenced. 
• Ethical approval details, including the name of the approving committee and approval/reference number (where applicable), are included in the manuscript. 
• Research participants were treated with dignity, respect, and confidentiality throughout the study. 
• The privacy and personal information of participants are protected in accordance with applicable data protection regulations. 

Informed Consent

Authors must obtain informed consent from all participants prior to their inclusion in the research. For studies involving minors or individuals unable to provide consent, permission must be obtained from a parent, legal guardian, or other legally authorized representative.

Where identifiable information, photographs, videos, or clinical details are included in a manuscript, explicit written consent for publication must also be obtained.

Research Involving Animals

Research involving animals must be conducted in accordance with internationally accepted animal welfare standards and relevant national regulations.

Authors must ensure that:

• Animal studies received approval from the appropriate Animal Ethics Committee or Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC), or an equivalent ethics body. 
• Animal experiments were designed to minimize pain, suffering, distress, and the number of animals used. 
• Appropriate standards of animal care and welfare were maintained throughout the research. 

Ethical Compliance Statement

All manuscripts involving human participants or animals must include a clear statement describing ethical approval, informed consent (where applicable), and compliance with relevant ethical guidelines.

Editorial Assessment

Editors may request additional ethical documentation at any stage of the editorial or peer review process. Manuscripts that fail to demonstrate compliance with ethical requirements may be rejected or withdrawn from consideration.

Non-Compliance

Failure to comply with human or animal research ethics may result in manuscript rejection, publication correction, retraction, or other actions in accordance with COPE recommendations and the publisher's policies on research integrity.

Policy Applicability

This Human and Animal Rights Policy is the official policy of Himalayan Publisher and applies uniformly to all journals published under the publisher. All authors, editors, and reviewers are expected to adhere to these ethical standards to ensure the protection of research participants, animal welfare, and the integrity of scholarly publishing.