Himalayan Publisher is committed to preserving the accuracy, integrity, and reliability of the scholarly record. When errors or ethical concerns are identified in published articles, appropriate corrective actions are taken promptly and transparently in accordance with internationally recognized publishing standards.

This policy is based on the recommendations of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) and the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE) and applies uniformly to all journals published by Himalayan Publisher.

Purpose

The purpose of this policy is to ensure that the published literature remains accurate, trustworthy, and transparent by correcting errors or removing unreliable publications when necessary.

Corrections

A correction (Erratum or Corrigendum) may be published when an article contains errors that do not invalidate the overall findings or conclusions of the research but require clarification or amendment.

Corrections may include, but are not limited to:

• Author names, affiliations, or contact information.
• Errors in figures, tables, or supplementary files.
• Minor errors in data presentation or references.
• Typographical or formatting errors that affect interpretation.
• Missing acknowledgements, funding information, or conflict of interest disclosures.

Corrections will be clearly linked to the original published article.

Retractions

A published article may be retracted when there is clear evidence that the findings are unreliable due to research misconduct or significant error. Retractions may be considered in cases including, but not limited to:

• Plagiarism.
• Data fabrication or falsification.
• Duplicate or redundant publication.
• Serious ethical violations.
• Unauthorized use of data or copyrighted material.
• Peer review manipulation.
• Major errors that invalidate the study's findings.

Retraction decisions are made by the Editor-in-Chief and the publisher after a thorough investigation conducted in accordance with COPE guidance.

Expressions of Concern

If a serious concern is raised about a published article but an investigation is ongoing or inconclusive, the journal may publish an Expression of Concern to inform readers while the matter is being investigated.

Retraction Process

Before a retraction is issued:

• The Editorial Office will investigate the concerns.
• Authors will be given an opportunity to respond.
• Relevant institutions or funding agencies may be contacted when appropriate.
• The investigation will follow COPE recommendations and ethical best practices.

Transparency

Correction notices, retraction notices, and expressions of concern will:

• Be freely accessible to readers.
• Clearly identify the affected article.
• Explain the reason for the editorial action.
• Remain permanently linked to the original publication to maintain the integrity of the scholarly record.

Policy Applicability

This Corrections and Retractions Policy is the official policy of Himalayan Publisher and applies uniformly to all journals published under the publisher. All editorial actions are carried out fairly, transparently, and in accordance with the ethical principles established by COPE and ICMJE to safeguard the integrity of scholarly publishing.