The rapid development of communications and information systems has prompted a re-examination of traditional management models and a shift toward electronic management. Electronic management offers numerous opportunities for the success, speed, transparency and efficiency of public services, enabling real-time interaction and transcending the boundaries of time and space. Digital management is one of the most significant achievements of modern science and technology. Advances in communications and innovations in advanced technologies have prompted governments worldwide to seriously consider leveraging the technological revolution to digitally complete tasks and provide services to citizens using computers and the internet. This has effectively addressed numerous issues, most notably the long queues at administrative offices. Consequently, digital management has emerged in response to the widespread use of computers in the road construction service industry, as well as the continued support provided by digital management and its sub-fields [1].

The quality of information systems plays a crucial role in digital management, having a significant impact not only on organizations and their employees, but also on society and its individuals. At the general economic level, it has its aspects and variables and has become a necessity for individuals and people. Therefore, we find that company managers and governments in various countries worldwide are interested in improving administrative efficiency. When preparing information systems, it is necessary to orient their content towards achieving administrative efficiency. The application of information system quality has an impact on the competitiveness of organizations in business [2].

Research Problem

Tikrit University implements high-quality information systems across its departments to enhance decision-making, improve employee efficiency and boost performance, ultimately improving management at Tikrit University and, in turn, positively impacting employee performance. Against this backdrop, this study aims to identify weaknesses in information system quality that may affect employee performance at Tikrit University. Therefore, this study attempts to answer the following questions.

The quality of information systems and their impact on improving digital management: An exploratory study of the opinions of a sample of administrative staff at Tikrit University.

Research Objectives

Based on the problem of the study and its importance, its objectives were formulated as follows:

• Identify the level of quality of information systems at the University of Tikrit

• Identify the level of administrative leaders at the University of Tikrit

• Knowing the impact of information systems quality on enhancing digital management

The Importance of the Research

The significance of this study lies in the following:

• This study explores information system quality, a critical topic with significant benefits for organizations; it also examines digital management, an outcome of organizational activities and work

• To the best of the researchers' knowledge, there is limited research on the impact of Tikrit University's administrative staff and the quality of its information systems on digital management. Therefore, this study complements existing research on administrative libraries

• This study examines the actual quality of Tikrit University's information systems and the current status of its administrative staff, identifying strengths and weaknesses in terms of quality and performance and offers recommendations to help university policymakers and decision-makers improve the quality of its information systems

Research Hypotheses

The researchers proposed the following hypotheses:

Main Significant Hypothesis: Information system quality has a statistically impact on the digital management of Tikrit University's administrative leaders (significance level: 0.05). This hypothesis is further divided into several sub-hypotheses:

• First sub-hypothesis: System technical quality has a statistically significant impact (significance level: 0.05)

• Second sub-hypothesis: Data quality has a statistically significant impact (significance level: 0.05)

• Third sub-hypothesis: Information quality has a statistically significant impact (significance level: 0.05)

• Fourth sub-hypothesis: Service quality has a statistically significant impact on the digital management of Tikrit University's administrative leaders (significance level: 0.05)

Study Model

Based on the research questions, objectives and significance, a hypothetical research model was developed to illustrate the impact of information system quality on digital management, as depicted in Figure 1.

Figure 1: Hypothetical Model of the Study

Research Limits

• Space Constraints: The research subjects included administrative leaders at Tikrit University

• Personnel Constraints: The research subjects included administrative leaders (dean, vice-dean, department heads and the department heads' record keepers)

Research Tools

After reviewing previous studies on the quality of information systems and digital management among administrative staff of Tikrit University, its results, the measures used therein and based on the research objectives and the purpose of collecting information and selecting the research hypotheses, the researcher developed a questionnaire to measure the quality of digital management information systems.

This study adopted a descriptive analysis method, which included using a field method to collect data through questionnaires and conducting statistical analysis to test the validity of the research hypotheses, as well as presenting research literature and using references and existing materials to construct the theoretical background of the research topic.

Research Community

She served as one of the administrative heads of Tikrit University in Salahuddin Governorate, including (Dean, Vice-Dean, Department Head and Journalist).

Research Sample

The research sample of 150 respondents was reviewed by faculty members from the respondent universities, including deans, vice deans, department heads and rapporteurs, to assess their alignment with the study objectives (Table 1).

Table 1: Personal Characteristics of the Study Sample

Source: Preparing the researcher by relying on the highest computer outputs

Theoretical Framework

The Concept of Information Systems Quality: Quality is a set of characteristics and attributes that determine the extent to which a system meets the performance, effectiveness and efficiency standards expected by users. This quality encompasses the system's ability to achieve its stated objectives and to meet user needs and expectations appropriately and effectively [3]. Quality also refers to the system's ability to provide users with accurate, reliable and useful information, taking into account the economic value of this information and the technology used to develop it. Quality also encompasses adherence to industry and regulatory standards and requirements, ensuring that the system meets established and expected standards. Furthermore, quality reflects a focus on innovation and continuous improvement in the design, operation and maintenance of systems, thereby enhancing their adaptability to environmental changes and business needs [4].

Dimensions of Information Systems Quality

The dimensions of information systems quality consist of the following:

Information System Technology Quality

The quality of information system infrastructure performance encompasses the physical components, software and operational processes that achieve the system's objectives [5]. The quality of information system technology is determined by the performance of its components, including software, hardware, databases and operational processes. This quality involves conformance to the specifications and standards established at the time of design and includes specific indicators such as processing speed and portability. Connectivity also encompasses the availability of current applications, robustness, effective security systems, sufficient storage capacity and reliance on internet, intranet and extranet communications [6].

Data Quality

Data quality goes beyond accuracy, completeness and consistency. It is a critical process for identifying all aspects of data integrity and ensuring its accuracy and reliability. Because data is considered the raw material of information, its quality directly impacts the quality of the information it supports. Poor data quality can easily lead to errors in decisions based on that data. Therefore, ensuring data quality is crucial to any information system. High-quality data is accurate, complete, consistent, properly linked in chronological order and easy to understand and process, enabling the derivation of valuable insights. Timeliness, clear and consistent presentation, objectivity and relevance and data security are all crucial [7].

Information Quality

Research and models indicate that information quality is crucial to the success of information systems because information is a key output of the system [8]. Information quality encompasses temporal aspects, such as currency and novelty, as well as content aspects, including accuracy, authenticity, completeness and relevance. Additionally, it includes formal aspects, including clarity, organization and flexibility [6].

Quality of Service

In 2002, Delone and Mclean emphasized the importance of the QoS dimension for the success of information systems. In their second model, they focused on several dimensions and indicators to measure this dimension [7]:

• Reliability, which refers to the degree of reliance on the information system

• System user trust, which refers to whether the system provides the services users need

• System user satisfaction, which refers to the user's ability to use the system effectively

• User and management interest, which refers to their level of interest in the system

The Concept of Digital Management

"A new concept of administration based on electronic technology aims to apply it to administrative functions such as planning, organizing, controlling, directing and evaluating, making them more efficient, effective and high-quality. It is based on advanced information and communication technologies to develop the necessary tools and methods for the effective management of knowledge and intellectual capital and to stimulate innovative capabilities and targeted academic creativity. The information age is committed to providing better services to citizens, institutions and their clients by optimizing the use of existing information resources. By fully utilizing existing human, material and intellectual resources within a modern electronic framework, it is possible to maximize the use of time, energy and funds and achieve the desired goals and the required quality." (Mahmoud, 2010) As is clear from the previous definition, digital administration is based on a regenerative system that actively invests in administrative functions utilizing modern information and communication technologies, thereby facilitating the optimal allocation of qualified personnel at all administrative levels. This requires a quality of management that encourages employees to utilize their creativity to achieve established goals and differentiate themselves from the competition [9].

Practical Framework

Introduction

It includes data types and sources, research population, field research, measurement variables, original data collection methods and statistical hypothesis testing, among other elements.

Data Types and Sources

The data used to achieve research objectives can be categorized as follows:

• Secondary Data: This is published data collected as part of other research and presented in books, academic journals, conferences and seminars

• Primary Data: This is data obtained during field research

Search Tool

The primary research instrument (questionnaire) consisted of three parts:

• Part I contained demographic data on study participants based on five variables: Gender, job title, educational background, academic expertise and professional experience. This data described the characteristics of the study participants

• Part II contained a scale to assess the impact of information system quality on digital management

• Part III contained a scale to assess the degree of digital management

Responses ranged from 1 to 5 on a five-point Likert scale, as Table 2 follows:

Table 2: Five-point Likert scale

The research instrument's questionnaire and final form consisted of 25 items on a five-point Likert scale.

In order to classify the degree of influence or relevance of the examined samples on the included paragraphs, the researchers used a scale of (0), calculated as follows: According to the five-point Likert scale, ranging from 1 to 5, this is equivalent to (0.80). This value is then added to the lowest value of the measurement, which becomes the correct value and determines the upper limit of the scale. Therefore, the results are shown in the Table 3.

Table 3: Answers to Questions and Their Significance

Source: Prepared by the researcher

The Validity and Consistency of the Study Tool 

It was pointed out that the goal of honesty was to enable the instrument to reveal the phenomena and characteristics being studied in the research and that this was achieved after the original questionnaire was prepared for this purpose [10-15]. The researcher verified its ability to measure the purpose for which it was developed by presenting it in its original form (4) to the research investigators to determine the validity of the instrument used, its form and the extent to which the instrument paragraphs were able to measure the purpose for which it was developed and to refer to the comments and suggestions of the moderators. Necessary modifications were made based on the comments of the moderators and deletions and modifications were made as suggested, therefore, the instrument retains the integrity of its content (Table 4).

Table 4:  Cronbach's Alpha Stability Coefficients for all Areas of Study and the Tool as a Whole

Source: Prepared by the researcher based on the statistical program SPSS

Descriptive Statistics

Quality of Information Systems: Dimension (Quality of Information Systems Technology).

From Table 5, it can be seen that the average arithmetic mean of the dimension (technical quality of information systems) reaches (3.455) with a standard deviation of (1.108), because the declarative paragraph (the quality of information provided by information systems helps to improve communication and exchange in universities) has a high arithmetic mean of (3.525) with a standard deviation of (1.022). In contrast, the affirmative paragraph (easy and quick access to information helps to improve the performance of administrative staff) has an average arithmetic mean of 3.303 with a standard deviation of 1.02 [16].

Table 5: Shows the Arithmetic Mean and Standard Deviation of the Information Systems Technology Quality Dimension

Source: Prepared by the researcher based on the statistical program SPSS

Data Quality

From Table 6, it can be seen that the dimension (data quality) has a high arithmetic mean of (3.633) and a standard deviation of (0.801), because the paragraph that states (the quality of existing data fully meets the needs of administrative personnel) has a high arithmetic mean, as it reaches (3.67) and a standard deviation of (0.885). In contrast, the paragraph that establishes (the quality of data directly affects the effectiveness of digital management of university administrative personnel) has a high arithmetic mean of (3.584) and a standard deviation of (0.801) [17].

Table 6: Shows the Arithmetic Mean and Standard Deviation of the Data Quality Dimension

Source: Prepared by the researcher based on the statistical program SPSS

Quality of information

As can be seen from Table 7, the dimension (information quality) has a high arithmetic mean of (3.748) and a standard deviation of (0.752), because the paragraph “university managers can easily and timely access data through information systems” has a high arithmetic mean of (4.1) and a standard deviation of (0.7). In contrast, the paragraph “the use of modern analytical technology in information systems helps to improve the digital management decisions of university administrative managers” has a high arithmetic mean of (3.577) and a standard deviation of (0.752) [18].

Table 7: Shows the Arithmetic Mean and Standard Deviation of the Dimensional Information Quality

Source: Prepared by the researcher based on the statistical program SPSS

Quality of Service

As can be seen from Table 8, the dimension (service quality) has a high arithmetic mean of (3.594) and a standard deviation of (0.786), because the paragraph “The service quality of Tikrit University helps to improve the management efficiency and effectiveness of administrative personnel” has a high arithmetic mean of (3.70) and a standard deviation of (0.657), while the paragraph “Improving the communication structure and information exchange between administrative departments helps to accelerate the process of digital transformation” has a high arithmetic mean of (3.501) and a standard deviation of (0.761).

Table 8: Shows the Arithmetic Mean and Standard Deviation of QoS Dimensions

Source: Prepared by the researcher based on the statistical program SPSS

Digital Management

As can be seen from Table 9, the arithmetic mean of this axis (digital management) is relatively high, reaching (3.685) with a standard deviation of (0.843), because the arithmetic mean of the paragraph "The university's information system supports the digital needs of administrative personnel" is relatively high, reaching (3.837) with a standard deviation of (0.818). In contrast, the arithmetic mean of the paragraph "Investment in the development of information systems and information technology can effectively improve digital management and achieve the goals of the university" is relatively high, reaching 3.475 with a standard deviation of 1.145.

Table 9: Shows the Arithmetic Mean and Standard Deviation of the Digital Controls

Source: Prepared by the researcher based on the statistical program SPSS

Hypothesis Analysis

Main Hypothesis: The quality of information systems in digital management has a statistically significant effect at the significance level of (0.05).

Table 10 shows that the impact factor of information system quality on digital management is (0.556). The coefficient of determination and rate coefficient of determination both reach (0.626), indicating that information system quality explains (62.6%) of the variation in digital management and other factors explain (37.4%) of the variation. The F value reaches (12.648), the significance level is (0.000), which is less than (0.05) and the T test reaches (1.620), the significance level is (0.000), which is less than (0.05). Therefore, the researchers conclude that the hypothesis is accepted [19,20].

Table 10: Shows that the Quality of Digital Management Information Systems has declined

Source: Prepared by the researcher based on the statistical program SPSS

First Sub-Hypothesis

The quality of system technology has a statistically significant impact on the digital management of administrative staff at the University of Tikrit, with a significance level of (0.05).

Table 11 shows that the impact factor of information system technology quality on digital management is 0.475, with coefficients of determination of 0.527 and 0.523, respectively. This indicates that information system technology quality explains 52.3% of the variance in digital management, while other factors account for 47.7% of the variance. The F value reaches 10.703, which is less than 0.05 at a significance level of 0.000. The T value reaches 1.512, which is less than 0.05 at a significance level of 0.000. Therefore, the researchers conclude that the hypothesis is acceptable.

Table 11: Is the Regression Analysis of Information System Technology Quality on Digital Management

Source: Prepared by the researcher based on the statistical program SPSS

The Second Sub-Hypothesis

Data quality has a statistically significant impact on the digital management of administrative staff at the University of Tikrit at a significance level of 0.05.

Table 12 shows that the impact factor of data quality on digital management is (0.513), the determination coefficient reaches (0.662) and the rate determination coefficient reaches 0.661), indicating that data quality explains (66.2%) of the variation in digital management and other factors explain (33.8%) of the variation. The F value reaches (17.437), the significance level is (0.000), which is less than (0.05) and the T test reaches (1.552), the significance level is (0.000), which is less than (0.05). Therefore, the researchers concluded that the hypothesis is established.

Table 12: Shows the Regression of Data Quality and Digital Management

Source: Prepared by the researcher based on the statistical program SPSS

The Third Sub-Hypothesis

The quality of digital management information of the administrative head of Tikrit University has a statistically significant impact at the significance level of (0.05).

Table 13 shows that the impact factor of information quality on digital management is (0.526), ​​the determination coefficient reaches (0.635) and the rate determination coefficient reaches (0.633), indicating that information quality explains (63.3%) of the variation in digital management. Other factors explain (36.7%) of the variation. The F value reaches (13.373) and the significance level is (0.000), which is less than (0.05), indicating that the test T reaches (1.548) and the significance level is (0.000), which is less than (0.05). Therefore, the researchers concluded that the hypothesis is established.

Table 13: Shows the Decline in Information Quality in Digital Management

Source: Prepared by the researcher based on the statistical program SPSS

The Fourth Sub-Hypothesis

Service quality has a statistically significant effect on digital management of administrative staff at the University of Tikrit, with a significance level of (0.05).

Table 14 shows that the impact factor of QoS on digital management is 0.548 and the coefficients of determination are 0.657 and 0.655, respectively. This indicates that service quality explains 65.7% of the variance in digital management, while other factors account for 34.3% of the variance. The F-value is 15.575, with a significance level of 0.000, which is less than 0.05. The T-test significance level is 1.765, with a p-value of 0.000, which is less than 0.05. Therefore, the researchers conclude that the hypothesis is supported.

• The quality of information systems positively impacts digital management among Tikrit University administrators

• The performance and quality levels of university information systems vary. Some aspects have potential for improvement, which could enhance overall performance and optimize management decision-making

• The study indicates that universities have established effective communication systems to strengthen cross-departmental collaboration and successfully manage digital transformation

• Some aspects of university information systems appear to be more advanced than others

• There is a strong positive correlation between university information quality and quick and easy access to data through information systems

Recommendations

• Improving the quality of university information is crucial to achieve its goals more effectively

• Encouraging the use of modern technologies for data analysis to improve decision-making processes and digital management should be encouraged

Special attention should be paid to improving and developing information systems to ensure easy access to data and enhance management efficiency.

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